10. Upper Extremity Myology Flashcards
1
Q
For the Pectoralis Major M.
What are the attachments?
A
O: Medial 1/2 of clavicle and anterior surface of stenum, costal cartilages 1-6
Lateral Edge of the Intertubercular Groove of Humerus
(covers the long head of Biceps Brachii M)
2
Q
For the Pectoralis Major M.
What are the major actions?
A
- Adduct and Medially Rotate Humerus
- Protract and Depress Scapula
- Flex Humerus
- Return Humerus from flexed to neutral
3
Q
For the Pectoralis Major M.
What is the innervation and artery?
A
Nerve: Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerve
Artery: Pectoral Branch of the Thoracoacromial Trunk
4
Q
For Pectoralis Minor M.
What are the attachments?
A
- I: Upper Ribs (3-5)
- O: Coracoid Process of the Scapula
5
Q
For Pectoralis Minor M.
What is the action?
A
Stabilizes the Scapula by holding it to the Thoracic Wall.
6
Q
For Pectoralis Minor M.
What is the innervation and artery?
A
Nerve: Medal Pectoral Nerve
(It gets pity innervated on the way to the Pectoralis Major M.)
Artery: Pectoral Branch of the Throacoacromial Trunk
7
Q
For the Subclavius M.
What are the attachments?
A
First rib
to
Inferior aspect of the Clavicle at the subclavian groove
8
Q
For the Subclavius M.
What is the Action?
A
Depresses the Clavicle
9
Q
For the Subclavius M.
What is the innervation and artery?
A
Nerve: Nerve to the Subclavius M. (c5-c6)
Artery: Clavicular Branch of the Thoracoacromial Trunk
10
Q
For the Serratus Anterior M.
What are the attachments?
A
Lateral Aspect of the Ribs
to
Deep surface of the medial border of the Scapula.
11
Q
For the Serratus Anterior M.
What are the actions?
A
Protraction of the Scapula: Stabalizes the Scapula by pulling it to the Thoracic Wall
(Boxer’s Serratus Anterior Muscles are buff for this reason)
Superior Rotation of the Glenoid Cavity
(Pulls the medial border down towards the ribs - lateral end goes up)
12
Q
For the Serratus Anterior M.
What is the innervation and artery?
A
Nerve: Long Thoracic Nerve
Artery: Lateral Thoracic Artery
13
Q
What might damage to the Long Thoracic Nerve cause?
What motion does this prevent?
A
“Winging” of the Scapula
The Scapula is no longer Stabalized against the Thoracic Wall
Abduction of the Upper Extremity beyond the Horizontal Position
14
Q
For the Deltoid M.
What are the Attachments?
A
Lateral 1/3 Clavicle, Acromion of the Scapula, and Deltoid Tubercle (on the spine) of the Scapula
to
Deltoid Tuberosity of the Humerus
15
Q
For the Deltoid M.
What are the actions?
A
Anterior part: Flex and Internal Rotation of the Humerus
Middle Part / Whole Muscle: Abduction of the Humerus
Posterior Part: Extension of the Shoulder and External Rotation of the Humerus
16
Q
For the Deltoid M.
What is the innervation and artery?
A
Nerve: Axillary Nerve
Artery: Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
17
Q
For the Subscapularis M.
What are the attachments?
A
Medial Aspect of its Subscapular Fossa
to
Lesser Tubercle of the Humerus
18
Q
For the Subscapularis M.
What are its actions?
A
Medial Rotation of the Humerus
Adduction of the Humerus
19
Q
For the Subscapularis M.
What is the innervation and artery?
A
Nerve: Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerve
Artery: Subscapular Artery
20
Q
For the Supraspinatus M.
What are the attachments?
A
Supraspinous Fossa of the Scapula
to
Greater Humeral Tubercle (running over the superior-most part of the Humerus)
21
Q
For the Supraspinatus M.
What is the action?
A
- Abduction of the Humerus with deltoid M., holds the humeral head in the glenoid cavity
- lateral rotation
22
Q
For the Supraspinatus M.
What is the innervation and artery?
A
Nerve: Suprascapular Nerve
Artery: Suprascapular Artery
23
Q
For the Infraspinatus M.
What are the attachments?
A
Medial border of its Infraspinous Fossa
Greater Tubercle of the Humerus
24
Q
For the Infraspinatus M.
What is its action?
A
Lateral rotation of Humerus, holds the humeral head in glenoid cavity
25
For the Infraspinatus M.
What is the innervation and artery?
Nerve: Suprascapular Nerve
Artery: Suprascapular Artery and Circumflex Scapular Artery
*(The Circumflex Scapular Artery comes _around_ the lateral border of the scapula and heads superiorly and medially)*
26
For the Teres Major M.
What are the attachments?
Posterior aspect of the Inferior Angle of the Scapula
to
Intertubercular groove
(**Front** of the Humerus)
27
For the Teres Major M.
What are the actions?
* Medially rotate the humerus
* Adduction of the Humerus
28
For the Teres Major M.
What is the innervation and artery?
Nerve: Lower Subscapular Nerve
Artery: Subscapular Artery and Circumflex Scapular Artery
29
Teres Minor:
O: Middle part of lateral border of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: laterally rotate the humerus and holds humeral head in the glenoid cavity
N: Axillary Nerve
30
What are the four rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus M.
Infraspinatus M.
Teres Minor M.
Subscapularis M.
31
For the Triangular Space
What Muscles make up the border?
What can be found within?
Borders: Teres Major, Teres Minor, Long Head of Triceps Brachii M.
Contains: Circumflex Scapular Artery and Vein
32
For the Quadrangular Space
What Muscles make up the four borders?
What can be found within?
Borders: Long and Lateral Head of the Triceps Brachii M., Teres Major M. Teres Minor M.
Contains: Axillary Artery, Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery, Posterior Circumflex Humeral Vein
*(Contents are headed to the Deltoid Muscle, so if you remember the Deltoid M.'s nerve and artery, there you go)*
33
For the Triangular Interval
What Muscles make up its three borders?
What does it contain?
Borders: Long and Lateral Head of the Triceps Brachii, Teres Major M.
Contains: Deep Brachial Artery and Vein, Radial Nerve
34
What part of the Biceps Brachii M. covers the Pronator Teres M.?
What is this?
* The Bicipital Aponeurosis
* Part of the bicep tendon inserts here , and blends w the antibracial fascia to make the biceptal aponerousis
* it protects gooey stuff in cubodial fosa that we dont want to stick a needle into
* it isnt an attachment point
35
For the Biceps Brachii M.
What are the attachments?
* Long Head to the Supraglenoid Tubercle
* Short Head to the Coracoid Process
Both insert on the Radial Tuberosity
*The Biceps Brachii skips the Humerus entirely*
36
For the Biceps Brachii M.
What are the Actions?
Flexes Shoulder and Elbow
Supinates forearm
*Remember that these Muscles Flex / Extend the Joints they cross*
37
For Biceps Brachii M.
What is the innervation and blood supply?
* Musculocutaneous Nerve
* Brachial artery
38
For the Coracobrachialis Muscle
What are the attachments?
* Coracoid Process
* Medial Aspect of the Humeral Body
39
For the Coracobrachialis Muscle
What are the actions?
Flexion and adduction of the Shoulder
40
For the Coracobrachialis Muscle
What is the innervation?
Musculocutaneous N.
Brachial Artery
41
For the Brachialis Muscle
What are the attachments?
Distal half of the Humerus
Ulnar Tuberosity / Coranoid Process
42
For the Brachialis Muscle
What is the action?
Flexion of the Elbow
## Footnote
*The Bicep cannot flex a pronated Elbow. The Brachialis does that.*
43
For the Brachialis Muscle
What is the innervation?
Musculocutaneous N.
Brachial A.
44
For the Triceps Brachii M.
Where are the attachments?
1. Long Head to the Infraglenoid Tubercle
2. Lateral and Medial Head come from the Humerus (and do not cross the shoulder joint)
3. All insert into the Olecranon of the Ulna
45
For the Triceps Brachii M.
What is the action?
Extending the Forearm, long head resist dislocation of ths shoulder
46
For Triceps Brachii Muscle
What is the innervation?
* Radial Nerve
* Deep brachial artery
47
For the Anconeus Muscle
What are the attachments?
Lateral Humeral Epicondyle
Olecranon
*(Even though it attaches to the Lateral Humeral Epicondyle like an extensor and exists entirely in the forearm, it's considered a posterior compartment Brachial Muscle for this class. This may be because some people consider it to be a continuation of Triceps Brachii M.)*
48
For the Anconius Muscle
What is the action?
Extends the Elbow (with triceps brachii M.) and stabalizes the elbow joint
49
For the Anconius Muscle
What is the innervation?
Radial Nerve
50
For the Pronator Teres M.
What are the attachements?
* Superfical layer of flexor 1
* Humeral Head to the Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus
* Ulnar Head to the Coranoid Process of the Ulna
* Both insert into the lateral aspect of the Radius
51
For the Pronator Teres M.
What is the action?
Pronation of the Elbow (drag radius into pronation)
52
For the Pronator Teres M.
What is the innervation?
Median Nerve
53
For the Flexor Carpi Radialis M.
What are the attachments?
* Superfical layer of flexor 2
* Medial Humeral Epicondyle
* Metacarpal of the Second Digit
54
For the Flexor Carpi Radialis M.
What are the actions?
* Flex the Elbow and Wrist
* Abduct the Wrist
55
For the Flexor Carpi Radialis M.
What is the innervation?
Median Nerve
56
For the Palmaris Longus Muscle
What are the attachments?
* Superfical layer of flexor 3
* Medial Humeral Epicondyle
* Palmar Aponeurosis
57
For the Palmaris Longus Muscle
What is the action (if present)?
Flexes the Elbow and Wrist and tense the palmar aponerosis
-sometimes people dont have this
58
For the Palmaris Longus Muscle
What is the innervation?
Median Nerve
59
For the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle
What are the attachements?
* Superfical layer of flexor 4
* Medial Humeral Epicondyle
* Pisiform Bone, Hook of the Hamate, 5th Metacarpal
* *(Inserts everywhere in the medial Wrist)*
60
For the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle
What are the actions?
* Flexion of the Elbow and Wrist
* Adduction of the Wrist
61
For the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle
What is the innervation?
Ulnar Nerve
62
For the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle
What are the attachements?
Only intermediate layer of flexors
Medial Humeral Epicondyle, Coronoid Process of the Ulna, superior portion of the Radius
Inserts in the **intermediate** Phalanges of digits 2-5 in a forked tendon
-sends tendons through the carpal tunnel
63
For the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle
What are the actions?
Flexion of the joints it crosses: Proximal Interphalangeal, Metacarpophalangeal, Carpometacarpal, Wrist, Elbow
64
For the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle
What is the innervation?
Median Nerve
65
For the Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle
What are the attachments?
* Deep layer of flexors
* Proximal Ulna and Interosseous Membrane
* **Distal** Phalanges of Digits 2-5
* Tendons run through the tendons split from the flexor digitorium superficialis M.
66
For the Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle
What are the actions?
* flex hand at wrist and flex all phalanges of digits 2-5 at the metacarpophalangeal, proximal and distal interphalangeal joints
67
For the Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle
What is the innervation?
Medial Portion: Ulnar Nerve
Lateral portion: Anterior Interosseous N. (Median Nerve)
*Its medial portion is directly underneath the ulnar nerve, so it kind of gets accidentally innervated.*
68
For the Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle
What are the attachments?
* Deep layer of flexors
* Radius and Interosseous Membrane
* Distal Phalanx of the Thumb
69
For the Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle
What is the action?
* flexes the hand
* abduct first metacarpal at the caropmetacarpal joint
* flexes poth phalanges of the pollux at the intercapal joint
70
For the Flexor Pollicus Longus Muscle
What is the innervation?
Anterior Interosseous Nerve
| (branch of the Median Nerve)
71
For the Pronator Quadratus Muscle
What are the attachments?
Deep flexor
Distal Ulna to Distal Radius
72
For the Pronator Quadratus Muscle
What is the action?
Pronation of forearm
Holds the Ulna and Radius together
73
For the Pronator Quadratus Muscle
What is the innervation?
Anterior Interosseous Nerve
74
What two Antebrachial Extensors are innervated by the Radial Nerve when it is named as such? (before it changes names)
Brachioradialis M.
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus M.
75
What two Antebrachial Extensors are innervated by the "Deep" Radial Nerve?
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis M.
Supinator M.
76
What three Antibrachial Extensors are innervated by the Posterior Interosseous Nerve?
Extensor Digitorum M.
Extensor Digiti Minimi M.
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris M.
77
For the Brachioradialis Muscle
What are the attachments?
Superfical layer of extensors
Lateral Supracondylar Ridge
Radius
78
For the Brachioradialis Muscle
What is the action?
Flexes the Elbow when the Arm is "Mid-Pronated"
(When the thumb is facing up)
79
For the Brachioradialis Muscle
What is the innervation?
Radial Nerve
80
For the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus M.
What are the attachments?
Superfical Layer of extensors
Lateral Humeral Supracondylar Ridge
Metacarpal of the 2nd Digit
81
For the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus M.
What is the action?
Extension and ABduction of the Wrist
| (active during fist clenching)
82
For the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus M.
What is the innervation?
Radial Nerve
83
For Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis M.
What are the attachments?
Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus
Base of the 3rd Metacarpal
84
For Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis M.
What are the actions?
Extension and ABduction of the Wrist
85
For Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis M.
What is the innervation?
**Deep** Radial Nerve
86
For the Extensor Digitorum M.
What are the attachments?
Superfical layer of extensor
Lateral Humeral Epicondyle
Extensor Hood
87
For the Extensor Digitorum M.
What is the action?
Extension of the 2nd-5th Phalanges at every joint:
* metacarpophalangeal, proxiamal and distal interphalangeal joints
88
For the Extensor Digitorum M.
What is the innervation?
Posterior Interossious Nerve
| (comes from the Radial Nerve)
89
When does the Deep Radial Nerve become the Posterior Interosseous Nerve?
After it ducks under the Supinator and emerges again.
90
For the Extensor Digiti Minimi M.
What are the attachments?
Superfical layer of extensors
Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus
Extensor Hood of 5th Digit
91
For the Extensor Digiti Minimi M.
What is the action?
Extends the 5th Digit at metacarphophalangeal, proximal, and distal interphalangeal joints
92
For the Extensor Digiti Minimi M.
What is the innervation?
Posterior Interosseous Nerve
93
For the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris M.
What are the attachements?
superfical layer of extension
Lateral Humeral Epicondyle
Dorasl aspect of the base of the 5th metacarpal
94
For the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris M.
What is the action?
Extend and ADduct the Wrist (active during fist clenching)
95
For the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris M.
What is the innervation?
Posterior Interosseous Nerve
(a branch of the Radial Nerve)
*This is tough because it has Ulnar in the name, but remember that exception is only true on the Flexor side. ALL of the Extensors of the arm are innervated by the Radial Nerve, or a branch thereof.*
96
For the Supinator Muscle
What are the Attachments?
Deep extensor
Lateral Humeral Epicondyle, Lateral Collateral Ligament of the Elbow, and Supinator Crest of the Ulna.
Proximal Radius
97
For the Supinator Muscle
What is the innervation?
Deep Radial Nerve
98
For the Supinator Muscle
What is the action?
Supinate forearm
99
For the Extensor Indicis M.
What are the attachments?
Distal Ulna and interosseous membrane to the extensor exapnsion of digit 2
100
For the Extensor Indicis M.
What is the action?
Extension of the 2nd Digit (Index Finger)
-extend hand at wrist
101
For the Extensor Indicis M.
What is the innervation?
Posterior Interosseous Nerve
102
For Abductor Pollicis Longus M.
What are the attachements?
Outcropping muscles of the deep layer of extensors
O: posterior Ulna, Radius, Interosseous Membrane
I: Base of the 1st Digit's Metacarpal
103
For Abductor Pollicis Longus M.
What is the action?
- abduct hand at wrist
- abduct hand and abduct the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint
104
For Abductor Pollicis Longus M.
What is the innervation?
Posterior Interosseous Nerve
(This is an outcropping muscle, but they are innervated like the extensors)
105
For Extensor Pollicis Longus M.
What are the attachments?
What is interesting about the Tendon for this Muscle?
Ulna and Interosseous Membrane
Base of the **Distal Phalanx** of the thumb. (dorsal aspect)
*Extensor Pollicis Longus M. goes to the Distal Phalanx, Extensor Pollicis Brevis M. goes to the Proximal Phalanx*
The Tendon wraps around the **Dorsal Radial Tubercle** and uses it as a pulley.
106
For Extensor Pollicis Longus M.
What is the action?
**Extension** of the Thumb, **Abduction** of the Wrist
-will extend the first metacarpal, proximal and distal phalanges of the polux at the carpometacarpal, metacarophalageal and interphalangeal joints
107
For Extensor Pollicis Longus M.
What is the innervation?
Posterior Interosseous Nerve
108
For Extensor Pollicis Brevis M.
What are the attachments?
Radius and Interosseous Membrane
Dorsal aspect of base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Thumb
109
For Extensor Pollicis Brevis M.
What are the actions?
* Extends first metacarpal and proximal phalanges of the pollux at the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints
* Abducts the Wrist
110
For Extensor Pollicis Brevis M.
What is the innervation?
Posterior Interosseous Nerve
111
What are the borders for the Anatomical Snuff Box?
Lateral: (anterior) Extensor Pollicis Brevis Tendon (and Abductor Pollicis Longus, sort of)
Medial: Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendon
* The shorter Muscle has to be closer to the Thumb (lateral side)*
* -radial artery and superfical radial nerve runs across the box*
112
For the Abductor Pollicis Brevis M.
What are the attachments?
(part of thenar emeinice)
Carpals (scaphoid and trapezium bones) and Flexor Retinaculum
Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the 1st Digit
113
For the Abductor Pollicis Brevis M.
What is the action?
Abducts the Thumb
-aids in opposition
114
For the Abductor Pollicis Brevis M.
What is the innervation?
Recurrant Branch of the Median Nerve
## Footnote
*This is the A in "1/2 LOAF 1/2"*
115
For the Flexor Pollicis Brevis M.
What are the attachments?
(part of thenar emience: has a deep head and superfical head)
Carpals (tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium) and flexor retincalulum
-latearal aspect of the bse of the proximal phalamix of the thumb
116
For the Flexor Pollicis Brevis M.
What is the action?
Flexes the Metacarpal and the **Proximal Phalanx** of the Thumb
-flexes at carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints
117
For the Flexor Pollicis Brevis M.
What is the innervation?
Superficial Head: Recurrent Branch of the Median Nerve
Deep Head: Deep Ulnar Nerve
118
For Opponens Pollicis M.
What are the attachments?
* part of thenar emience
* Tubercles of scaphoid and trepezium bones and Flexor Retinaculum
* (lateral aspect) Metacarpal of the 1st Digit
119
For Opponens Pollicis M.
What is the action?
Opposition of the Thumb
120
For Opponens Pollicis M.
What is the innervation?
Recurrent Branch of the Median Nerve
121
For Adductor Pollicis M.
What are the attachments?
* Oblique Head: slender
* capitate, Base of the Third Metacarpal to the Base of the Proximal Phalanx
* Transverse Head: fatty
* anterior aspect Body of the Third Metacarpal to the Base of the Proximal Phalanx
122
For Adductor Pollicis M.
What is the action?
Adduction of the Pollux
123
For Adductor Pollicis M.
What is the innervation?
Deep Ulnar Nerve
124
A superficial injury to the Thenar Eminence can damage what nerve?
What does this impede?
Recurrant Branch of the Median Nerve
Many of the Thumb Muscles
125
For the Abductor Digiti Minimi M.
What are the attachments?
Part of hypothenar emience:
Pisiform Bone
Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the 5th Digit
126
For the Abductor Digiti Minimi M.
What is the action?
Abduction of the 5th Digit
127
For the Abductor Digiti Minimi M.
What is the innervation?
Deep Ulnar Nerve
128
For the Flexor Digiti Minimi M.
What are the attachments?
* part of hypothenar eminence
* Hook of the Hamate and Flexor Retinaculum
* Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the 5th Digit
129
For the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis M.
What is the action?
Flexes the 5th Digit proximal phalynx
130
For the Flexor Digiti Minimi M.
What is the innervation?
Deep Ulnar Nerve
131
For the Opponens Digiti Minimi M.
What is the attachment?
Hook of the Hamate and Flexor Retinaculum
Middle of the 5th Metacarpal
132
For the Opponens Digiti Minimi M.
What is the action?
Opposition of the 5th Digit
133
For the Opponens Digiti Minimi M.
What is the innervation
Deep Ulnar Nerve
134
For the Lumbrical Muscles
What are their attachments?
Originate at the **Flexor Digitorum Profundus Tendon**
Insert at the Extensor Expansion
*He made a big deal about these originating at a tendon in class*
135
For the Lumbrical Muscles
What is their action?
Pinching with extended Interphalangial Joints, but flexed Metacarpophalangeal Joints
136
For the Lumbrical Muscles
What are their innervations?
1st and 2nd: Recurrant Branch of the Median Nerve
3rd and 4th: Deep Ulnar Nerve
*This is the 1/2 L, in 1/2 LOAF 1/2*
137
For the Dorsal Interosseous Muscles
Where do the attach?
How many of these do we have?
Go between a given digit, and the digit closer to the middle finger.
*Eg. 1st Digit to 2nd Digit, but 5th Digit to 4th Digit*
Four. The **2nd** and **4th** have one. The **3rd** Digit abducts both ways and has two.
*The thumb and pinky have their own abductors*
138
For the Dorsal Interosseous Muscles
What is their action?
Abduction of the fingers, except 1st and 5th
## Footnote
*DAB Dorsals ABduct*
139
For the Dorsal Interosseous Muscles
What is the innervation?
Deep Ulnar Nerve
140
For the Palmar Interosseous Muscles
What digits have these Muscles?
The First, Fourth, and Fifth Digits.
The Thumb has its own Adductors Pollicis, and the Third Digit doesn't adduct, it can only abduct in either direction.
141
142
