Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Simmons NURP 503 Exam 3 > 10: Types of Dementia > Flashcards

10: Types of Dementia Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

_____ accounts for roughly 5-25% of reversible dementias.

A

Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Progressive (permanent) or reversible (potentially)?

Multi-infarct

A

Progressive (permanent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What factors influence AD (8)?

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Aluminum
  3. Estrogen
  4. NSAIDs
  5. Vitamin E
  6. Viral agents
  7. DMT2 (explored)
  8. Alcohol consumption (explored)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F The chances of social survival are better with multi-infarct dementia than with AD.

A

True. Essence of person’s personality is more intact than with AD.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In more advanced stages of AD, _____ problems are enormous.

A

Behavioral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Progressive (permanent) or reversible (potentially)?

Alcoholic dementias

A

Progressive (permanent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Patients with _____ are six times more likely to get dementia.

A

Parkinson’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mixed dementia is reversible with _____.

A

Underlying progressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_____ affects people more in middle age.

A

Pick’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Inability to interpret sensations and hence to recognize things.

A

Agnosia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Progressive (permanent) or reversible (potentially)?

Alzheimer’s

A

Progressive (permanent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can you tell the difference between frontotemporal dementia (Pick’s disease) and AD with imaging?

A

Atrophy is usually symmetrical in AD. It can be symmetrical or asymmetrical in Pick’s disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_____ (intracellular deposits observed in degenerated neurons) distribute in brain regions involved in learning, memory, and language.

A

Neurofibrillary tangles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Often experience frequent falls, syncope, sensitivity to neuroleptic drugs, delusions, and hallucinations.

A

Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) (Parkinson’s patients)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most important risk factor for vascular dementias like multi-infarct?

A

HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Inability to perform particular purposive actions.

A

Apraxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Progressive (permanent) or reversible (potentially)?

Delirium

A

Reversible (potentially)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Associated with triad of dementia, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence. What is it and how is it treated?

A

NPH is treated with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Regarding the structure of AD, aggregates of _____ are seen adjacent to and within walls of blood vessels.

A

Amyloid protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the #1 etiologic factor in AD?

A

Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F Alcoholic dementias can coexist with AD and multi-infarct.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the usual cause of delirium?

A

Underlying physical illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Medical emergency treatment for delirium focuses on what 2 things?

A
  1. Detecting underlying etiology

2. Protecting/advocating for patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Abnormal processing of _____ is likely central to the pathogenesis of AD.

A

Amyloid beta protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Occurs with history of gastric bypass surgery, alcohol abuse, advanced age, and PPI use.
B12 Deficiency Dementia
26
50% of those with mental status change, with the etiology of depression, develop dementia over the next _____ years.
5
27
Pick's disease is a type of _____ dementia.
Frontotemporal
28
Progressive dementias have development of multiple cognitive deficits manifested by both memory impairment and at least one of the following what (4)?
1. Aphasia 2. Apraxia 3. Agnosia 4. Disturbance in executive functioning
29
Major risk factors for all forms of dementia (3).
1. HTN 2. DM 3. Hyperlipidemia
30
Progressive complex neurological degeneration including loss of neurons, particularly those responsible for memory and cognition.
Alzheimer's Disease (AD)
31
What 5 meds can cause reversible dementia?
1. H2RAs 2. Antidepressants 3. Anti-anxiety agents 4. Major tranquilizers 5. Cardiac meds
32
Early, mid, or late stage AD? | Incontinence, apraxia, little recognition of family, and loss of most self-care abilities.
Late Stage
33
What are the 2 neurotransmitters involved in AD that are targets of medications?
1. Acetylcholine | 2. Glutamate
34
Dementia or delirium? Abrupt changes in cognition that occur within hours to days.
Delirium
35
Neuropathological hallmarks (_____) are diagnostic of AD.
Amyloid plaques
36
Early, mid, or late stage AD? | Memory loss, poor judgment, perceptual disturbances, withdrawal, and depression.
Early Stage
37
What percentage of mild cognitive impairment progresses to dementia each year?
10-15%
38
Progressive (permanent) or reversible (potentially)? | Medications
Reversible (potentially)
39
Progressive (permanent) or reversible (potentially)? | Thyroid disease
Reversible (potentially)
40
Progressive (permanent) or reversible (potentially)? | Infections
Reversible (potentially)
41
Progressive (permanent) or reversible (potentially)? | B12 deficiency
Reversible (potentially)
42
In frontotemporal dementia (Pick's Disease), imaging (CT and MRI) often reveals symmetrical or asymmetrical atrophy of _____ and _____ lobes.
Anterior temporal and frontal lobes
43
Adult presents with deficits in memory or in other cognitive functions without significant impact on daily functioning.
Mild Cognitive Impairment
44
Risk factors for delirium (6).
1. 90+ 2. Substance abuse hx 3. Dementia 4. Postsurgery 5. Sudden change in environment 6. New medications
45
More profound deficits in self-awareness, self-monitoring, and self-knowledge compared to patients with AD.
Frontotemporal Dementia (Pick's Disease)
46
Theories of causation for vascular dementias (6).
1. Lacunae 2. Multiembolic events 3. Vasculitis 4. Blood dyscrasias 5. Hypoperfusion 6. Anoxic episodes
47
Early, mid, or late stage AD? | Recent and remote memory loss, restlessness, perseveration, loss of impulse control, and increased aphasia.
Mid Stage
48
The patho of Alzheimer's involves neuritic _____ and _____, as well as deposition of amyloid beta protein.
Plaques and tangles
49
Loss of ability to understand or express speech.
Aphasia
50
Beta-amyloid protein accumulation leads to an _____ response, causing neuritic injury.
Inflammatory
51
Though UTIs and respiratory infections are the most common causes of infection-related dementia, _____ and _____ are other causes.
Diverticulitis and abscesses
52
What deficiency causes Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome?
Thiamine
53
T/F There is currently no treatment to prevent progression of AD.
True
54
Most common progressive dementia.
Alzheimer's Disease (AD)
55
Progressive (permanent) or reversible (potentially)? | Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH)
Reversible (potentially)
56
Life threatening alteration of consciousness. Also referred to as acute confusional state.
Delirium
57
3 alcohol-induced dementias.
1. Wernicke-Korsakoff's Syndrome 2. Alcohol-induced Pellagra 3. Hepatic Encephalitis
58
People live an average of _____ years after diagnosis of AD.
8-10 years
59
Can mimic PD and has poor response to levodopa or Sinemet.
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)
60
This type of dementia is fixed, irreversible.
Progressive
61
A speech disorder in which a person has trouble saying what he or she wants to say correctly and consistently.
Verbal Apraxia
62
What scale is helpful in differentiating AD from multi-infarct dementia?
Hachinski Ischemic Rating Scale
63
What deficiency causes alcohol-induced pellagra?
Niacin and/or tryptophan
64
How many identified genetic markers are present that precipitate the complex AD process?
1

Simmons NURP 503 Exam 3 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions