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Simmons NURP 503 Exam 3 > 10: Types of Dementia > Flashcards

10: Types of Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

_____ accounts for roughly 5-25% of reversible dementias.

A

Depression

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2
Q

Progressive (permanent) or reversible (potentially)?

Multi-infarct

A

Progressive (permanent)

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3
Q

What factors influence AD (8)?

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Aluminum
  3. Estrogen
  4. NSAIDs
  5. Vitamin E
  6. Viral agents
  7. DMT2 (explored)
  8. Alcohol consumption (explored)
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4
Q

T/F The chances of social survival are better with multi-infarct dementia than with AD.

A

True. Essence of person’s personality is more intact than with AD.

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5
Q

In more advanced stages of AD, _____ problems are enormous.

A

Behavioral

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6
Q

Progressive (permanent) or reversible (potentially)?

Alcoholic dementias

A

Progressive (permanent)

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7
Q

Patients with _____ are six times more likely to get dementia.

A

Parkinson’s Disease

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8
Q

Mixed dementia is reversible with _____.

A

Underlying progressive

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9
Q

_____ affects people more in middle age.

A

Pick’s disease

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10
Q

Inability to interpret sensations and hence to recognize things.

A

Agnosia

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11
Q

Progressive (permanent) or reversible (potentially)?

Alzheimer’s

A

Progressive (permanent)

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12
Q

How can you tell the difference between frontotemporal dementia (Pick’s disease) and AD with imaging?

A

Atrophy is usually symmetrical in AD. It can be symmetrical or asymmetrical in Pick’s disease.

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13
Q

_____ (intracellular deposits observed in degenerated neurons) distribute in brain regions involved in learning, memory, and language.

A

Neurofibrillary tangles

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14
Q

Often experience frequent falls, syncope, sensitivity to neuroleptic drugs, delusions, and hallucinations.

A

Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) (Parkinson’s patients)

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15
Q

What is the most important risk factor for vascular dementias like multi-infarct?

A

HTN

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16
Q

Inability to perform particular purposive actions.

A

Apraxia

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17
Q

Progressive (permanent) or reversible (potentially)?

Delirium

A

Reversible (potentially)

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18
Q

Associated with triad of dementia, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence. What is it and how is it treated?

A

NPH is treated with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt.

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19
Q

Regarding the structure of AD, aggregates of _____ are seen adjacent to and within walls of blood vessels.

A

Amyloid protein

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20
Q

What is the #1 etiologic factor in AD?

A

Genetics

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21
Q

T/F Alcoholic dementias can coexist with AD and multi-infarct.

A

True

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22
Q

What is the usual cause of delirium?

A

Underlying physical illness

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23
Q

Medical emergency treatment for delirium focuses on what 2 things?

A
  1. Detecting underlying etiology

2. Protecting/advocating for patient

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24
Q

Abnormal processing of _____ is likely central to the pathogenesis of AD.

A

Amyloid beta protein

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25
Q

Occurs with history of gastric bypass surgery, alcohol abuse, advanced age, and PPI use.

A

B12 Deficiency Dementia

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26
Q

50% of those with mental status change, with the etiology of depression, develop dementia over the next _____ years.

27
Q

Pick’s disease is a type of _____ dementia.

A

Frontotemporal

28
Q

Progressive dementias have development of multiple cognitive deficits manifested by both memory impairment and at least one of the following what (4)?

A
  1. Aphasia
  2. Apraxia
  3. Agnosia
  4. Disturbance in executive functioning
29
Q

Major risk factors for all forms of dementia (3).

A
  1. HTN
  2. DM
  3. Hyperlipidemia
30
Q

Progressive complex neurological degeneration including loss of neurons, particularly those responsible for memory and cognition.

A

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

31
Q

What 5 meds can cause reversible dementia?

A
  1. H2RAs
  2. Antidepressants
  3. Anti-anxiety agents
  4. Major tranquilizers
  5. Cardiac meds
32
Q

Early, mid, or late stage AD?

Incontinence, apraxia, little recognition of family, and loss of most self-care abilities.

A

Late Stage

33
Q

What are the 2 neurotransmitters involved in AD that are targets of medications?

A
  1. Acetylcholine

2. Glutamate

34
Q

Dementia or delirium? Abrupt changes in cognition that occur within hours to days.

35
Q

Neuropathological hallmarks (_____) are diagnostic of AD.

A

Amyloid plaques

36
Q

Early, mid, or late stage AD?

Memory loss, poor judgment, perceptual disturbances, withdrawal, and depression.

A

Early Stage

37
Q

What percentage of mild cognitive impairment progresses to dementia each year?

38
Q

Progressive (permanent) or reversible (potentially)?

Medications

A

Reversible (potentially)

39
Q

Progressive (permanent) or reversible (potentially)?

Thyroid disease

A

Reversible (potentially)

40
Q

Progressive (permanent) or reversible (potentially)?

Infections

A

Reversible (potentially)

41
Q

Progressive (permanent) or reversible (potentially)?

B12 deficiency

A

Reversible (potentially)

42
Q

In frontotemporal dementia (Pick’s Disease), imaging (CT and MRI) often reveals symmetrical or asymmetrical atrophy of _____ and _____ lobes.

A

Anterior temporal and frontal lobes

43
Q

Adult presents with deficits in memory or in other cognitive functions without significant impact on daily functioning.

A

Mild Cognitive Impairment

44
Q

Risk factors for delirium (6).

A
  1. 90+
  2. Substance abuse hx
  3. Dementia
  4. Postsurgery
  5. Sudden change in environment
  6. New medications
45
Q

More profound deficits in self-awareness, self-monitoring, and self-knowledge compared to patients with AD.

A

Frontotemporal Dementia (Pick’s Disease)

46
Q

Theories of causation for vascular dementias (6).

A
  1. Lacunae
  2. Multiembolic events
  3. Vasculitis
  4. Blood dyscrasias
  5. Hypoperfusion
  6. Anoxic episodes
47
Q

Early, mid, or late stage AD?

Recent and remote memory loss, restlessness, perseveration, loss of impulse control, and increased aphasia.

48
Q

The patho of Alzheimer’s involves neuritic _____ and _____, as well as deposition of amyloid beta protein.

A

Plaques and tangles

49
Q

Loss of ability to understand or express speech.

50
Q

Beta-amyloid protein accumulation leads to an _____ response, causing neuritic injury.

A

Inflammatory

51
Q

Though UTIs and respiratory infections are the most common causes of infection-related dementia, _____ and _____ are other causes.

A

Diverticulitis and abscesses

52
Q

What deficiency causes Wernicke-Korsakoff’s syndrome?

53
Q

T/F There is currently no treatment to prevent progression of AD.

54
Q

Most common progressive dementia.

A

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

55
Q

Progressive (permanent) or reversible (potentially)?

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH)

A

Reversible (potentially)

56
Q

Life threatening alteration of consciousness. Also referred to as acute confusional state.

57
Q

3 alcohol-induced dementias.

A
  1. Wernicke-Korsakoff’s Syndrome
  2. Alcohol-induced Pellagra
  3. Hepatic Encephalitis
58
Q

People live an average of _____ years after diagnosis of AD.

A

8-10 years

59
Q

Can mimic PD and has poor response to levodopa or Sinemet.

A

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)

60
Q

This type of dementia is fixed, irreversible.

A

Progressive

61
Q

A speech disorder in which a person has trouble saying what he or she wants to say correctly and consistently.

A

Verbal Apraxia

62
Q

What scale is helpful in differentiating AD from multi-infarct dementia?

A

Hachinski Ischemic Rating Scale

63
Q

What deficiency causes alcohol-induced pellagra?

A

Niacin and/or tryptophan

64
Q

How many identified genetic markers are present that precipitate the complex AD process?

Simmons NURP 503 Exam 3 (18 decks)

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