1.0 Triangles of the Neck and Larynx Flashcards
What are the branches of the Thyrocervical Trunk and how do they travel?
Inferior thyroid A. (medial)
Transverse Cervical A. (lateral)
Suprascapular A. (lateral)
What nerves travel out from Erb’s Point? What are their nerve roots?
Lesser Occipital N. (C2)
Great Auricular N. (C2, C3)
Transverse Cervical N. (C2, C3)
Supraclavicular N. (C3, C4)
What is the most commonly cut nerve?
Spinal Accessory N. (CN XI)
Which way would a patient’s head tilt if they had Torticollis on the right?
The head will tilt to the right and the face would turn to the left.
What is the caritud sinus and carotid body? What are they innervated by?
Carotid sinus is a baroreceptor for blood pressure. Carotid body is a chemoreceptor for oxygen levels. They are both innervated by the carotid sinus nerve.
Where is the phrenic nerve found in the neck? What are its nerve roots?
It lies superficial to the anterior scalene. C3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm alive.
What is the platysma muscle innervated by?
Facial N. (CN VII)
What is contained in the investing layer of fascia?
Encloses sternocleidomastoid M. and trapezius M. Also encloses parotid and submandibular glands.
What is contained in the pretracheal layer of fascia? What membrane does it blend with?
Contains esophagus, trachea, and thyroid gland. Blends with pericardium of heart.
What is contained in the prevertebral layer of fascia? What does it blend into?
Encloses the vertebral column and associated muscles. Extends laterally as the axillary sheath into the arm.
What is contained in the carotid sheath?
Internal jugular V.
Common carotid A.
Vagus N.
What is the clinical significance of the retropharyngeal space?
Can develop abscess secondary to lymphatic drainage or respiratory/oral infections.
What structures pass through the aperture in the thyrohyoid membrane?
Internal branch of superior laryngeal N. (from vegas N.) and superior laryngeal A.
How does contraction of the cricothyroid M. affect the voice?
It increases the pitch
How does contraction of the thyro-arytenoid affect the voice?
It lowers the pitch
What is the only laryngeal muscle that abducts?
Posterior crico-arytenoid M.
What action do the lateral crico-arytenoid, transverse arytenoid, and oblique arytenoid muscles have in common?
Adduction
What is the innervations for the muscles of the larynx?
They are all innervated by the inferior laryngeal N. EXCEPT the cricothyroid M. which is innervated by the external laryngeal N.
What are the two main lymph ducts of the lymphatic system?
Thoracic duct (left side only) and the right lymphatic duct
What landmarks are found at the vertebral level C3-C4?
Body of hyoid bone
Upper margin of thyroid cartilage
Bifurcation of common carotid artery
What landmarks are found at the vertebral level C5-C6?
Arch of cricoid cartilage
Superior end of esophagus
Superior end of trachea
What are the contents of the mandibular triangle?
Submandibular gland Submandibular lymph nodes Hypoglossal N. Nerve to mylohyoid Parts of facial A. and V.
What are the contents of the submental triangle?
Submental lymph nodes
Small veins that unite to form anterior jugular V.
What are the contents of the muscular triangle?
Viscera: thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea, and esophagus
Arteries: common carotid, superior thyroid, inferior thyroid
Veins: anterior jugular v., thyroid veins (superior, middle, inferior)
Nerves: ansa cervicalis, external laryngeal, recurrent laryngeal
What are the contents of the carotid triangle?
Carotid sheath (common and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular v., vagus n., deep cervical lymph nodes, carotid sinus n., sympathetic nerve fibers) Arteries: branches of the external carotid a. Nerves: internal and external laryngeal nerves, hypoglossal nerve, spinal accessory n., ansa cervicalis
What are the branches of the external carotid from inferior to superior? What does it terminate into?
Superior thyroid A. (gives rise to superior laryngeal A.)
Lingual A.
Facial A. (gives rise to ascending palatine artery and tonsillar artery)
Occipital A.
Posterior auricular A.
Terminates into maxillary artery and superficial temporal artery in the face
