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[04] Nervous System > [10] Special Senses > Flashcards

[10] Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Flashcards Questions

A

Flashcards Answers

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2
Q

What are the five special senses?

A
  • Vision
  • Hearing
  • Taste
  • Smell
  • Touch
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3
Q

What part of the nervous system is responsible for vision?

A

The optic nerve

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4
Q

What is the function of the retina in the eye?

A

Converts light into neural signals

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5
Q

What is the role of the cochlea in the ear?

A

Converts sound waves into neural signals

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6
Q

What types of cells are responsible for taste sensation?

A

Taste buds

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7
Q

What nerve carries the sensation of smell to the brain?

A

Olfactory nerve

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8
Q

What is the function of Meissner’s corpuscles in the skin?

A

Detects light touch

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9
Q

Which sensory system provides information about body position and movement?

A

The vestibular system

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10
Q

How does phototransduction work in the retina?

A

Light activates photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) that send signals to the brain

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11
Q

Which part of the brain processes auditory information?

A

The auditory cortex

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12
Q

What are the main taste sensations that the tongue can perceive?

A
  • Sweet
  • Sour
  • Salty
  • Bitter
  • Umami
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13
Q

What part of the brain processes olfactory information?

A

The olfactory bulb

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14
Q

What are the two main types of photoreceptor cells in the retina?

A
  • Rods
  • Cones
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15
Q

What is the function of the Eustachian tube in the ear?

A

Balances air pressure on both sides of the eardrum

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16
Q

Which sensory system uses thermoreceptors?

A

The somatosensory system (touch)

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17
Q

Which type of cells in the nose are responsible for detecting smell?

A

Olfactory receptor cells

18
Q

What is the role of the semicircular canals in the ear?

A

Detect rotational movements for balance

19
Q

What is the difference between rods and cones in the eye?

A

Rods detect light and dark, while cones detect color

20
Q

How does the brain distinguish between different tastes?

A

Different regions of the tongue are more sensitive to different tastes

21
Q

What is the function of the tympanic membrane in the ear?

A

Transfers sound vibrations from the air to the ossicles

22
Q

What are the names of the three hearing bones in the ear and their functions?

A
  • Malleus (hammer) → Receives vibrations from the tympanic membrane and passes them to the incus
  • Incus (anvil) → Transfers vibrations from the malleus to the stapes
  • Stapes (stirrup) → Passes vibrations from the incus to the oval window of the cochlea
23
Q

What are the main parts of the eye?

A
  • Cornea
  • Iris
  • Pupil
  • Lens
  • Retina
24
Q

What is the function of the cornea in the eye?

A

Bends light to help the eye focus

25
Q

What is the function of the iris in the eye?

A

Regulates the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil

26
Q

What is the function of the lens in the eye?

A

Focuses light onto the retina

27
Q

What are the main parts of the ear?

A
  • Outer ear (pinna, ear canal)
  • Middle ear (tympanic membrane, ossicles)
  • Inner ear (cochlea, semicircular canals)
28
Q

What is the function of the pinna in the ear?

A

Collects sound waves and funnels them into the ear canal

29
Q

What is the function of the tympanic membrane in the ear?

A

Vibrates in response to sound waves and transmits these vibrations to the ossicles

30
Q

What is the function of the ossicles in the ear?

A

Amplify the vibrations from the tympanic membrane and transmit them to the cochlea

31
Q

What is the function of the cochlea in the ear?

A

Translates vibrations into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain

32
Q

What is the function of the semicircular canals in the ear?

A

Assist with balance and spatial orientation

33
Q

How is the retina structured?

A

It contains photoreceptor cells (rods and cones), bipolar cells, and ganglion cells

34
Q

How does the ear canal contribute to hearing?

A

It directs sound waves from the outer ear to the tympanic membrane in the middle ear

35
Q

What role does the Eustachian tube play in ear structure?

A

It equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere

36
Q

What part of the eye contains rods and cones?

A

The retina

37
Q

What is the aqueous humor in the eye?

A

A clear liquid that provides nutrients to the cornea and lens and maintains eye shape

38
Q

What is the vitreous humor in the eye?

A

A gel-like substance that helps maintain eye shape and transmits light to the retina

39
Q

What is the function of the ciliary body in the eye?

A

It controls the shape of the lens, allowing the eye to focus

40
Q

What is the function of the choroid in the eye?

A

It provides oxygen and nutrients to the outer layers of the retina

41
Q

What are the three types of cones in the retina?

A

Cones that detect red, green, and blue light

42
Q

What is the function of the optic nerve in the eye?

A

Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain

[04] Nervous System (10 decks)

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