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PSYC 325 - FINAL > 10. Social Media and Well Being > Flashcards

10. Social Media and Well Being Flashcards

1
Q

2 components of well-being

A
  1. physical
  2. psychological
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2
Q

2 components of psychological well-being

A

Emotional component (”Do you feel happy generally?”)
Cognitive component (”Do you feel satisfied with your life?”)

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3
Q

direct effects of social media (2)

A

Accessing health information
Physical injury

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4
Q

affordances of Accessing health information

A
  • Affordances: anonymity and asynchronicity allows you to find specific and readily available information
  • But how good / accurate is the information online?
  • May lead to changes in behaviour
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5
Q

percent of 14-22 year olds that go online for health info

A

87%

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6
Q

percent of 14-22 year olds that say they changed behaviour bc of online health info

A

28%

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7
Q

physical injury with social media ?

A
  • “texting thumb”
  • Dequervain Syndrome
    • Inflamed tendon sheath
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8
Q

indirect effects of social media

A
  1. sleep
    Most teens → less than 7 hours per night
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9
Q

components of social media that affect sleep

A
  1. bright lights
    - longer to fall asleep when using e-reader vs. real book
  2. Emotionally arousing content/interactions
  3. Displacement
    - Displacing time sleeping by spending time on your phone
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10
Q

% that keep media device in bedroom ?

A

97

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11
Q

Why do youth use social media instead of sleeping? (2)

A
  • FOMO
  • Norms and expectations
    • “need to be there because everyone else is there”
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12
Q

AFFECTIVE WELL-BEING -> Does social media impact our mood?

A

yes because of emotional contagion

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13
Q

what is emotional contagion

A

emotional states can be transferred to others
eg: If you are spending time with someone who is happy, you might be more likely to feel happy
- research has found evidence for in-person interactions
- does this work through social media too ??

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14
Q

Facebook Mood Study

A

Does this impact what someone posts themselves?

Analyzed Facebook users (700,000)
- broadly -> not just adolescents
Examined people’s newsfeeds
- Researchers manipulated emotional content of newsfeed for 1 week

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15
Q

conditions of facebook study

A
  1. Positive content → reduced
  2. Negative content → reduced
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16
Q

FINDINGS

A
  1. reduced positive -> posted less positive and more negative
  2. reduced negative -> posted less negative and more positive
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17
Q

IMPLICATIONS ??

A

Social media can impact mood

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18
Q

CONTROVERSY

A
  • Ethics → can Facebook experiment on their users?
  • Are these effects large enough to be meaningful?
    • Very small → 1 extra positive or negative word per week in posts
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19
Q

what mood affect is rising?

A

depression

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20
Q

Home Net Study

A

Early studies on the internet suggested that high amounts of use were linked to depression

  • Individuals with no internet → given internet
  • Followed up 1 year later to see impact
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21
Q

findings from study

A

Increase in depression, especially for those who use the internet often

22
Q

what do correlational studies find

A

mixed results

  • Most note a small relationship between time spent on social media and depressive symptoms
  • Direction of effect?
23
Q

how can longitudinal inform direction>

A

If we see higher amounts of social media before depressive symptoms, might indicate direction (and vice versa)
- more info about relationship b/w social media and depression within individuals

24
Q

what are the findings?

A

Mixed findings!
- Most longitudinal studies finds social media use predicts depression
- Other studies → no findings or complicated patterns

25
Q

what did one longitudinal study do ?

A

Followed adolescents from age 13-20 (8 years)
- tested once per year
- measured social media use, how much, and depressive symptoms

26
Q

findings ?

A

Between individual effects
- Those who used more social media → more likely to have depressive symptoms

Within individual effects
- Using more or less social media don’t seem to be connected to depressive symptoms
- Suggests social media doesn’t cause depression

27
Q

why are these so mixed ?

A
  • changes within an individual might be too small to make an impact
  • Variations within use in a high social media user might be too small to impact someone’s depression
28
Q

what could a third variable be

A

Family situations?
→ more likely to experience depression and more likely to use social media

29
Q

what about experiemntal designs ?

A

Done by randomly assigning people to reducing social media use to 10 mins per day
-> mixed findings lol

30
Q

FINDINGS

A

higher levels of depression at baseline → decline in depressive symptoms when reduced social media

low levels at baseline -> no impact

31
Q

what about another study that did Random assignment of no social media for either 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, or 4 weeks

A
  • Found no difference

No rise in well-being when restricted use of social media

32
Q

what do most studies find ?

A
  1. positive impact (12)
  2. no effect (5)
  3. negative effect (1)
33
Q

variables in these studies ?

A
  1. time of reduction
    - some benefits for short
  2. amount of reduction
    - more benefit for reduction (10 mins per day) vs abstention (not using at all)
34
Q

what does research on cognitive well-being tell us ?

A

But studies are too mixed to be conclusive…

35
Q

why inconclusive?

A

Life satisfaction → more consistent than mood per day
- less impacted by social media use

36
Q

sooooo what is the consistent pattern in psychological well-being and social media use ?

A

NONE
- May be an overall SMALL negative effect
- Meta-analyses find very small effect

BUT MANY SAY THIS IS TOO SMALL TO MATTER
like eating potatoes :)

37
Q

ethics in social media ?

A

Causality requires manipulation
- is this ethical ?
people lie about their age
- 13 is way too young to study also

38
Q

biases?

A

Researchers try to partner with social media platforms

  • Self-report → less accurate than pulling data directly from social platforms
39
Q

why is there a small correlation b/w social media use and negative well–being?

A
  1. SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
  2. SOCIAL COMPARISON
  3. FOMO
40
Q

what kind of social media use decreases well being?

A

browsing -> increased worry of discrimination -> decreased well being

41
Q

what kind of social media use increases well being?

A

posting & PMing -> increased social support -> improved well-being

42
Q

is discrimination linked to higher social media use?

A

yes

43
Q

what components of social media allow for social comparision? (3)

A
  1. availability
  2. accessibility
  3. publicness
44
Q

what leads to more upward comparision?

A

asynchronity, cues management

45
Q

whatt does this lead to ?

A

envy -> poor well being

46
Q

who feels envy? depression or no depression?

A

BOTH but higher in depression

47
Q

other factors?

A

type of use (passive vs. active)
who/what is being viewed (individuals vs. content)

48
Q

what is FOMO linked with?

A

lower life-satisfaction, lower self-esteem, higher anxiety

49
Q

direction of causality b/w FOMO and social media use?

A

More evidence that FOMO causes social media use
(we do know that high levels of FOMO use more social media)

50
Q

What factors matter for individual differences? (4)

A
  • Content
  • Age (development)
  • Disposition (personality, mental health)
  • Characteristics of content

PSYC 325 - FINAL (8 decks)

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