10. respiration Flashcards
describe respiration
the chemical reactions in all living cells that release energy from glucose
state the uses of energy in living organisms
- muscle contraction
- protein synthesis
- cell division
- active transport
- growth
- passage of electrical impulses along neurons
- maintenance of a constant body temperature
investigate and describe the effect of temperature on respiration in yeast
when temperature increases, the rate of respiration increases meaning kinetic energy is higher as well as reaction and rate of cellular respiration and vice versa
describe aerobic respiration
release of a relatively large amount of energy by the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen
state the work equation and balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
state the word equation for anaerobic equation in humans
glucose –> lactic acid + small amount of energy
state the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast
glucose –> carbon dioxide + ethanol + small amount of energy
explain why lactic acid builds up in muscles and blood during vigorous exercise causing EPOC or an oxygen debt
amount of oxygen supplied is not enough to provide energy needed by the muscles cells for contracting causing cells to respire anaerobically and break down glucose to form lactic acid.
Lactic acid accumulates in the muscle cells and muscles stop contracting (muscle fatigue).
During the rest period, lactic acid is carried in the blood away from the muscles to the liver where it is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. The extra oxygen required to break down the lactic acid is referred to as the ‘oxygen debt’
Outline how the oxygen debt is removed after exercise
- Continuation of fast heart rate to transport lactic acid in blood from muscles to the liver
-Continuation of deeper and faster breathing to supply oxygen for the breakdown of lactic acid in the liver
