10. Personality Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Describe: Personality Disorders (4)
A
- PDs are an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture; they are manifested in two or more of cognition, affect, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control.
- They are often inflexible and pervasive across a range of situations.
- Usually at least age 18 yr for Dx, but pattern well established by adolescence or early adulthood
- Associated with many complications, such as depression, suicide, violence, brief psychotic episodes, multiple drug use, and treatment resistance
2
Q
PDs are often a product of what? (1)
A
an intricate interaction of psychological (e.g., stress), social (e.g., homelessness), and biologic factors (e.g., genetics).
3
Q
Name 3 clusters
A
- Cluster A: Eccentric (Odd) and ‘‘Mad’’
- Cluster B: Dramatic (Impulsive/Emotional) and ‘‘Bad’’
- Cluster C: Anxious and ‘‘Sad’’
4
Q
Name general DX criteria of PD (5)
A
- Behavior deviates markedly from individual’s cultural expectations. Inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations, manifesting in ≥2 of:
- Cognition (perception and interpretation of self, others, and events)
- Affect (range, intensity, lability, and appropriateness of emotional response)
- Interpersonal functioning
- Impulse control
- Often leading to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
- Stable and of long duration with onset tracing back to at least adolescence or early adulthood
- Not better accounted for by other psychiatric disorders
- Not due to direct physiologic effects of a substance or a GMC such as head injury
5
Q
Name PD of cluster A (3)
A
- Paranoid PD (0.5%–3%)
- Schizoid PD (2%–7%)
- Schizotypal PD (3%–5.6%)
6
Q
Name criterias for Paranoid PD (7)
A
4 diagnostic criteria from “SUSPECT”
- S: Spouse fidelity suspected
- U: Unforgiving and bearing grudges
- S: Suspicious of others
- P: Perceives attack on his or her character not apparent to others and reacts quickly
- E: Enemy or friend (suspects associates and friends)
- C: Confides in others feared
- T: Threats perceived in benign events
7
Q
Name criterias for Schizoid PD (8)
A
4 diagnostic criteria from “SOLITARY”
- S: Shows emotional coldness to others
- O: Omits from social events
- L: Lacks friends
- I: Involved in solitary activities
- T: Takes pleasure in few activities
- A: Appears indifferent from praises and criticisms
- R: Restricts from close relationship
- Y: Yanks himself or herself from social interactions
8
Q
Name criterias for Schizotypal PD (10)
A
≥5 diagnostic criteria from “ME PECULIAR”
- M: Magical thinking or odd beliefs
- E: Experiences unusual perceptions
- P: Paranoid ideation
- E: Eccentric behavior or appearance
- C: Constricted (or inappropriate) affect
- U: Unusual (odd) thinking and speech
- L: Lacks close friends
- I: Ideas of reference
- A: Anxiety in social situations
- R: Rule out psychotic disorders and pervasive developmental disorder
9
Q
Name PDs of cluster B (4)
A
- Antisocial PD (3% in males; 1% in females)
- Borderline PD (2%–4%)
- Histrionic PD (1.3%–3%)
- Narcissistic PD (2%)
10
Q
Name criterias: Antisocial PD (7)
A
3 diagnostic criteria from “CORRUPT”
- C: Conformity to law lacking
- O: Obligations ignored
- R: Reckless disregard for safety of self or others
- R: Remorse lacking
- U: Underhandedness (deceitful, lies, cons, others)
- P: Planning deficit (impulsive)
- T: Temper (irritable and aggressive)
11
Q
Name criterias: Borderline PD (9)
A
5 diagnostic criteria from “AM SUICIDE”
- A: Abandonment
- M: Mood instability
- S: Suicidal and/or self-harming behaviors
- U: Unstable and intense relationships
- I: Impulsivity (self-damaging areas)
- C: Can’t control anger
- I: Identity disturbance
- D: Dissociative symptoms
- E: Emptiness
12
Q
Name criterias: Histrionic PD (8)
A
5 diagnostic criteria from “PRAISE ME”
- P: Provocative or sexually seductive behavior
- R: Relationships considered more intimate than they are
- A: Attention (uncomfortable when not the center of attention)
- I: Influenced easily
- S: Style of speech (impressionistic, lacks details)
- E: Emotional liability and shallowness
- M: Make up (physical appearance used to draw attention to self)
- E: Exaggerated emotions (theatrical)
13
Q
Name criterias: Narcissistic PD (7)
A
5 diagnostic criteria from “SPECIAL”
- S: Special (believes he or she is special and unique), Status (“high”)
- P: Preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love
- E: Entitlement (strong sense), Envious
- C: Conceited (grandiose sense of self-importance)
- I: Interpersonal exploitation
- A: Arrogant (haughty)
- L: Lacks empathy
14
Q
Name PDs in cluster C (3)
A
- Avoidant PD (0.5%–1.6%)
- Dependent PD (1.6%–6.7%)
- Obsessive-compulsive PD (3%–10%)
15
Q
Name criterias: Avoidant PD (7)
A
4 diagnostic criteria from “AVOIDER”
- A: Avoid occupational activities
- V: View self as inept, unappealing, or inferior
- O: Occupies with fear of rejection or criticism in social situations
- I: Inhibits from new interpersonal relationships
- D: Difficulty initiating new projects due to lack of self-confidence
- E: Embarrassment prevents new activity or taking personal risks.
- R: Restraints in intimate relationships due to fear of being shamed
