10- Peacebuilding

Question 1

3 varieties of peacebuilding

Answer 1

1. actor-based
2. intention based
3. content-based

Question 2

what does actor-based peacebuilding mean?

Answer 2

who’s doing it? single state, coalition, UN?

Question 3

what does intention-based mean?

Answer 3

biased vs. impartial
-> intervention is supposed to be unbiased, or does it favor someone else

Question 4

what does content-based mean?

Answer 4

diplomatic (allowing sides to speak), political (monitoring elections), economic, and military

Question 5

the first generation of peacekeeping (interpositional)

Answer 5

traditional
-military observation
- interpositional ( waiting between warring sides)

Question 6

multidimensional peacekeeping

Answer 6

sustaining a new government, protecting institutions.

Question 7

what allowed for multidimensional peacekeeping?

Answer 7

Since all P5 members need to agree to pass something in the UNSC during the cold war, RUS and USA couldn’t agree on the institutions, and governments- so multidimensional peacekeeping only happened after the CW

Question 8

multidimensional & peace enforcement

Answer 8

many instances happened when un troops were on the ground, they should crate peace by fighting

Question 9

brahimi report

Answer 9

how could these UN operations should be changed?

Question 10

how did the peacekeeping operation in rwanda change?

Answer 10

1. monitoring a ceasefire
2. mandate extended to protect civilians (after genocide)

Question 11

how did the peacekeeping operation in Rwanda change?

Answer 11

1. monitoring a ceasefire
2. mandate extended to protect civilians (after genocide)

Question 12

negative peace

Answer 12

an absence of conflict (reestablishing teh sovereignty of the government.

Question 13

positive peace

Answer 13

the existence of a political system that allows for participation such that future challenges go inside the system instead of outside.

Question 14

ecological theory of peacebuilding (main argument- big picture)

Answer 14

suggests that building peace requires addressing the root causes of conflicts through coordination and cooperation among different actors.

Question 15

3 dimensions of the political space for peace

Answer 15

1. local capacity -> what exists within the country
2. international capacity -> what resources the organizations like the UN are putting into
3. hostility -> how bad is the conflict
   -> define the space for peace

Question 16

what should the 3 dimensions of political space for peace be?

Answer 16

lower hostility, more international capacity, and more local capacity -> More space for peace

Question 17

Cooperation Problems (Peacekeeping)

Answer 17

two sides don’t have the incentive to cooperate.
-> fundamental transformative efforts - multidimensional, and enforcement operations to transform the political space.

Question 18

Coordination Problems (Peacekeeping)

Answer 18

two different sides would like to coordinate, but they want to make sure of what the other side is doing. their interests are aligned.
-> sharing information, mediation and other kinds of traditional operations can actually facilitate a transition to peace.

Question 19

what types of strategies can be used in a coordination problem?

Answer 19

communication, assurance, capacity building

Question 20

what types of strategies can be used in a cooperation problem?

Answer 20

imposing costs for non-compliance, mitigate costs of exploitation, increase benefits to compliance

Question 21

when should communication, assurance, and capacity building be used?

Answer 21

coordination problems

Question 22

when should imposing costs for non-compliance, mitigating costs of exploitation, and increasing benefits to compliance be used?

Answer 22

cooperation problems

Question 23

what does barma argue about the success of peacebuiling operations?

Answer 23

we should look 10-15 years after, and the quality fo the society after the peacebuilding process. this is importance because most of the time elites coopt the peacebuilding process and holding on to power.
-> questions how effective those operations are.

Question 24

how do post-cw peacekeping operations differ? (3)

Answer 24

1. they’re more multidimensional, and complex
2. they are deployed intrastate, rather than interstate
3. more partnerships with regional organizations

Question 25

how is using force in peacebuilding good?

Answer 25

can protect civilians
- the treat of force can deter spoilers who want to undermine peace.

Question 26

how is using force in peacebuilding bad?

Answer 26

undermines the legitimacy and impartiality of the peacekeeping operation.

Question 27

compare the priorities of the intl community & local actors? (2)

Answer 27

1. intl community prioritizes democracy, human rights, and good governance more. local actors prioritize security, economic development, and social cohesion.
2. intl community prefers “top-down” where elites negotiate agreement, local actors prefer “bottom-up” where there’s grassroots participation