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[ MT631 ] Principles of Medical Technology Practice 1 > 1.0. Overview in Medical Technology Part 1 > Flashcards

1.0. Overview in Medical Technology Part 1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Medical Technology

A

Analyzes tissues, secretions, and excretion of the human body

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2
Q

Medical Technology (Ruth Heinemann)

A

“Laboratory procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases”

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3
Q

Medical Technology (Anne Fagelson)

A

“Branch of medicine concerned with the performance of laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health”

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4
Q

Medical Technology (Republic Act No.5527: The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969)

A

“An auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine deals with the examinations of tissues, secretion, which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study, and treatment ”

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5
Q

Clinical Laboratory

A
  • Facility that performs chemical and microscopic examinations of various body fluids
  • Usually in the auxiliary department
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6
Q

Inside the Clinical Laboratory are:

A
  • Pathologist
  • Medical Technologist
  • Medical Technician
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7
Q

Medical Technologist

A
  • Medical detectives
  • Measure substances in the blood and other body fluids
  • Operate complex apparatus, instruments, and machines
  • Use standards and controls to improve reliability and results
  • Work under pressure with accuracy and precision
  • Adhere to high ethical standards of performance
  • Take care of the patient’s samples.
  • Follows the procedures in the lab and does not do shortcuts
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8
Q

Microscopy

A

Observe, identify and analyze organisms and cells causing infections and diseases

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9
Q

Phlebotomist

A

Prepare slides for analysis and perform blood tests

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10
Q

Quality Control Criteria

A

ACCURATE - correct
PRECISE - consistent
ACCURATE & PRECISE

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11
Q

Hippocrates (400 B.C)

A
  • Father of Medicine
  • Described the “four humors” in man
  • Blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile
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12
Q

Urinalysis (400 B.C)

A

Oldest laboratory procedure

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13
Q

Hindu Physicians (600 B.C)

A
  • Recorded the Diabetic urine & Polyuria in Diabetes

- Diabetic urine = attract ants (rich in glucose)

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14
Q

Vivian Herrick (1500 B.C)

A

Identified Taenia and Ascaris, Fecal specimen

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15
Q

Ebers Papyrus (1500 B.C)

A
  • Oldest preserved Egyptian compilation of medical texts
  • 110 pages in total
  • Contains chapters on: contraception, pregnancy, skin and eye problems, surgery, burns , intestinal disease and parasites
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16
Q

Jean Baptiste van Helmont (1577-1644)

A

Introduced the gravimetric analysis of urine using a number of 24-hour urine specimens

17
Q

Marcelo Malphigi (1628 - 1694)

A
  • Founder of Pathology
  • Greatest of the early microscopists
  • Contributed to embryology and anatomy
18
Q

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632)

A
  • Invented the single-lensed microscope

- First to described red blood cells, protozoa, and to classify bacteria according to shape

19
Q

Frederick Dekkers (1673)

A

Presented a test for the detection of protein based on boiling of specimen in the presence of acetic acid

20
Q

Rudolph Virchow (1847)

A
  • German physician, anthropologist, politician and social reformer
  • Founder of the field of cellular pathology
  • He stressed that most of the diseases of mankind could be understood in terms of the dysfunction of cells.
21
Q

Hermann von Fehling (1848)

A
  • Performed the first quantitative test for urine sugar
  • Fehling’s solution is used as a chemical test to differentiate between water-soluble aldehyde and ketone functional groups, and as a test for monosaccharides
  • It can be used to screen for glucose in the urine, thus detecting diabetes
22
Q

The Era of Public Health

A

19th Century

23
Q

John Snow (1854)

A
  • Showed that cholera was waterborne and brought the situation under control
  • He was a contributor in the manner of investigation in public health and epidemiology
  • Decrease in mortality rate because of the utilization of drugs and preventative health care
  • Suspected contamination in an area due to the water system/pump
24
Q

Louis Pasteur (1861)

A

Discovery of the concept of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

25
Q

Louis Pasteur (1881)

A

Discovery of vaccine against anthrax

26
Q

Hans Christian Joachim Gram (1884)

A
  • Danish Physician
  • Further developed a method of staining bacteria
  • Devised his method that used Crystal Violet (Gentian Violet) as primary stain and iodine solution as a mordant followed by treatment with ethanol as decolorizer
  • Staining procedure left nuclei of eukaryotic cells in tissue samples unstained while cocci found in lungs of those who had succumbed to pneumonia were stained blue/violet.
  • Found that his stain worked for visualizing series of bacteria associated with disease such as the “cocci of suppurative arthritis following scarlet fever.”
27
Q

Paul Ehrlich (1884)

A
  • Originally developed method of staining bacteria
  • Used aniline water and gentian violet (a cationic dye) to stain cells, and cell walls would appear purple after staining
28
Q

Dr. William H. Welch (1878, in US)

A
  • Established a laboratory at Bellevue Hospital Medical College
  • First professor of Pathology at John Hopkins University (1885)
29
Q

Dr. William Osler (1896, in US)

A
  • Opened the first clinical laboratory at John Hopkins Hospital
  • William Pepper Laboratory was opened at the University of Pennsylvania
30
Q

Dr. James C. Todd (1908, in US)

A
  • Wrote “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis” which became the standard reference of laboratories
  • Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods (red cover) (new title; authored by Todd-Sanford)
31
Q

Denver Society of Clinical Pathologists was organized

A

1921

32
Q

American Board of Pathology was organized

A

1936

33
Q

World War I

A

Produced a great demand for technicians

34
Q

University of Minnesota (1922-1923, in US)

A
  • One of the first schools to establish trainings for workers in 1922
  • First to offer degree program in 1923
  • Important factor in the growth of clinical lab
35
Q

World War II

A
  • “Closed system” of blood collection was adopted
  • Advanced instrumentation
  • Automated equipment
  • Quality control programs
36
Q

First Clinical Laboratory (09 January 1945, in PH)

A
  • 26th Medical Infantry of the 6th U.S. Army
  • Located at Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, Manila
  • Known as Public Health Laboratory
  • Under manila health department - DOH
37
Q

Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Mariano Icasiano (01 October 1945, in PH)

A

Reopened as Manila Public Health Laboratory

38
Q

Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana (1947)

A

Offered training for high school and paramedical graduates

39
Q

Dr. Pio de Roda instructed Dr. Sta. Ana (with Dr. Briones) (1954, in PH)

A
  • Six-month laboratory training was offered
  • The training program offered by Dr. Pio de Roda did not last long, for during the same year, the
    formal education of Medical Technology in the Philippines began
  • Started as a 3-year course only

[ MT631 ] Principles of Medical Technology Practice 1 (4 decks)

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