1.0 Organic: Aromatic Chemistry Flashcards
Naming benzene molecules.
-Amine -alkene -alcohols -acid
Phenylamine
Phenylethene
Phenol
Benzoic acid
What type of reaction benzene goes through?
Electrophilic substitution
Benzene bonding.(3)
1)each C has 3 covalent bonds
2)spare e- in p orbital overlap above and below
3)delocalisation of e- in pi cloud
Benzene shape(3)
1)planar
2)hexagon 120• bond angle
3) C—C bond equal in lenght
Benzene stability.(3)
1)cyclohexatriene expect ^H = -360 kJ mol-1
2) benzene is H is less exothermic by 150
3)benzene is more stable due to delocalisation of e- in p orbital
Benzene ring.(2)
1)area of high electron density
2)react with electrophiles
1.Electrophilic substitution/ Nitration
-reagents -conditions -products
1.conc H2SO4 and conc HNO3
2.acid catalyst
3.nitrobenzene
Write an equation to show how the electrophile is generated .(2)
H2SO4 + HNO3»_space; +NO2 + HSO4- + H20
Write an equation to show how the catalyst is regenerated.(2)
HSO4- + H+»_space; H2SO4
Outline mechanism.(5)
1.arrow from benzene ring to +NO2
2. Half ring POSITIVE forms
3. Arrow from H to POSITIVE half ring
4. attached to NO2
Overall equation for nitration.
Benzene + HNO3 > nitrobenzene + h20
- Electrophilic substitution/ Acylation
Reagents conditions products
1.(CH3)COCl / ethanoyl
2. Catalyst AlCl3
3. Phenylethanone / benzeneketone
2.1 - State the reactive intermediate /electrophile
-CH+CO
2.2 write an equation to show how the catalyst is regenerated.(2)
AlCl4- + H+»_space; AlCl3
2.4 overall equation of acylation
Benzene + acyl chloride»_space; phenylethanone + HCl