1.0 Molecules Of Life

Question 1

Cells are made of?

Answer 1

Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen

Question 2

Monosaccharide?

Answer 2

Simple, building block, fuel, many OH

Question 3

Eg of Monosaccharide?

Answer 3

D-ribose, D-deoxyribose, D-glucose, D-galactose, D-fructose

Question 4

How can glucose act as a reducing agent?

Answer 4

Alpha and Beta are in equilibrium, with open chain aldehyde as intermediate, which can react with oxidising agent to generate glycosilated versions of protein

Question 5

Use of Heamoglobin A1C?

Answer 5

High levels = diabetes, it has long half life

Question 6

Link between monosaccharides?

Answer 6

Glycosidic linkages

Question 7

Polysaccharide?

Answer 7

Eg is glycogen, with 1-4 linkages and every 12 residues it has 1-6 linkages

Question 8

Amino acids?

Answer 8

20, all have carboxyl, NH3 group, body produces 11, 9 have to be eaten

Question 9

Chirality?

Answer 9

Give optical isomers, eg enantiomers

Question 10

5 eg of lipids?

Answer 10

Free fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipid, glycolipid, steroids

Question 11

Saturated v unsaturated?

Answer 11

Sat: no double bond, unsat: double bond present

Question 12

Nuclear acid?

Answer 12

AT/U,CG
A/G - purines - double
U/C/T - pyrimidine - single

Question 13

Nucleotide v Nucleoside?

Answer 13

Tide - base + ribose + phosphate
Nucleoside - base + ribose

Question 14

Names of all bases in nucleoside and nucleotide

Answer 14

Side Tide
A - adenosine // adenylate
G - guanosine // guanylate
C - cytidine // citidylate
U - uridine // uridylaye
T - thymidine // thymidylate

Question 15

Links in DNA and direction of reading?

Answer 15

Read 5’ to 3’
Phosphodiester bond —> 3’ of one nucleotide linked to phosphate group linked to 5’ of another sugar backbone of nucleotide