10. Mechanisms Of Reactions

Question 1

What does mass spectrometry tell you?

Answer 1

The molecular weight of the compound

Question 2

What does IR spectroscopy tell you?

Answer 2

What functional groups are in a molecule

Question 3

What does H and C13 NMR tell you about the compound?

Answer 3

Tells you the environment of the H and C atoms in the molecule
- Symmetry is important

Question 4

How are bonds broken homolytically?

Answer 4

Each atom of the bond gets one electron to form 2 radicals (odd electron species)

Question 5

How are bonds broken heterolytically?

Answer 5

Atom of bond with higher electronegativity gets two electrons to form 2 even electron species

Question 6

How are bonds made homogenically?

Answer 6

2 radicals (odd electron species) donate one electron each to form a bond

Question 7

How are bonds made heterogenically?

Answer 7

Two electrons donated from one species to another to form a bond

Question 8

What is a nucleophile?

Answer 8

• Electron rich molecules or ions that possess a non bonding lone pair of electrons
  (Lewis base)

Question 9

What is an electrophilic?

Answer 9

• Electron deficient ions or molecules. Usually lack a stable octet and can therefore accept a pair of electrons (E+)
• Sometimes called Lewis acids

Question 10

What energy must the reactants reach in a two step reaction in order for the reaction to occur?

Answer 10

For a reaction to occur the reactants must have sufficient energy to reach the highest transition state of the reaction