10 marker possibilities - Civil War

Question 1

McClellan’s Early Campaigns argument:

Answer 1

• September 1862 –> McClellan defeated General Lee, learning from previous mistakes in Virginia.
• McClelland creates a military force of 121,000.
• Army of the Potomac. –> well drilled, well supplied and organised.

Question 2

McClellan’s Early Campaign limitation

Answer 2

• McClellan loses support.
• Encourages Lee to attack into Maryland - Antietam campaign.

Question 3

McClelland’s Early Campaigns link / evaluation:

Question 4

Shiloh argument:

Answer 4

• Albert Sydney Johnston died –> one of South’s most effective military leaders.
• Development of war tactics –> Vicksburg, Wilderness, Petersburg.

Question 5

Shiloh limitations:

Answer 5

• Union 1754 dead, Confederate 1728 dead. (26) 2,500 more Union casualties.
• Needed reinforcements. –> Union needs to improve.
• Still threatened by Confederates, as it was not a decisive win.

Question 6

Shiloh link / evaluation:

Answer 6

• Grant-Lincoln pact –> Grant unswayed by Press criticism
• Lincoln supported

Question 7

Antietam argument:

Answer 7

• Discouraged European countries from supporting the South.
• Issued the Emancipation Proclamation –> brings idealists, abolitionists and runaways to join Union ranks.

Question 8

Antietam limitations:

Answer 8

• Union failed to capitalise on the
• Lee retreated and McClellan did not pursue. –> was sacked by Lincoln and replaced by Halleck (equally as slow).
• High costs of the war –> demonstrated that this would not be a quick win.
• War continued for 3 more years.

Question 9

Antietam link / evaluation:

Answer 9

• McClellan sacked and replaced with Halleck.

Cautious and ‘old brains’

Question 10

Vicksburg argument:

Answer 10

• Control Mississippi river –> cut off 3 states so only 8 states left in Confederacy.
• Weakened Confederacy –> Surrender from Confederates 3 July 1863 due to disease and hunger.
• 30,000 casualties –> 650,000 Confederate soldiers.
• Weakened Confederates for Gettysburg
• Shift to industrial war –> Union superiority + bombs + guns + men.

Question 11

Vicksburg limitations:

Answer 11

• 1000 miles away from North.
• Siege of Vicksburg that succeeds. –> Disrupted communications and food supplies leading to surrender.
• Jefferson Davis –> Vicksburg was ‘the nail head that held the South’s two halves together’

Question 12

Vicksburg link / evaluation:

Answer 12

• It was Grant who won victory in Gettysburg.
• Grant made General-in-chief –> take his tactics

Question 13

Gettysburg argument:

Answer 13

• Union wins –> Moral boost.
• Weakened the Confederacy’s ability to defend due to amount of losses – around 23,000 casualties, 4708 dead
• Confederacy did not return to the offensive. –> Lee no longer invincible. 1/3rd Lee forces.
• Lee’s reputation for invincibility was gone
• Now no hope of any foreign intervention

Question 14

Gettysburg limitations:

Answer 14

• Lee withdraws and escapes. –> Meade didn’t follow up victory. Haven’t learned from earlier mistakes.
• 2 years left –> Lee’s army continues.

Question 15

Gettysburg link / evaluation:

Answer 15

• Grant’s superiority over Meade

The Gettysburg Address: emphasises Grants leadership’s abilities.

Question 16

Comparative link point ideas:

Answer 16

• Who was leading (change)

Question 17

Sherman’s March to the Sea argument:

Answer 17

• Southern edge of encirclement complete. Anaconda.
• Georgians from the army return home from Confederate army.
• $100 mil worth of property destroyed + railways destroyed
• Long term effected South’s run in the war (destroyed morale, communications + their overall effort in the war)

Question 18

Sherman’s March to the Sea limitations:

Answer 18

• Union suffered greater losses. –> 2,100 vs 1,000.
• Atlanta deserted by both armies.
• Morale of ordinary people during re-construction.
• City awarded phoenix as official symbol.
• Atlanta –> John Bell Hood and army escaped on September 1st.
• Only lasted a month

Question 19

Sherman’s March to the Sea link / argument:

Answer 19

• Lincoln re-elected due to success at Atlanta.

Question 20

Wilderness Campaign argument:

Answer 20

• 1864 –> Grant took 118,000 men into Virginia to destroy Lee’s 64,000 men.
• Showed Confederates could not fight back with inferior supplies, artillery and manpower
• Grant’s tactics in full –> the objective of the war –> ‘Simultaneous movement all along the line’
• Closes on Richmond

Question 21

Wilderness Campaign limitations:

Answer 21

• 75,000 more Union losses
• Impacts Northern morale –> series of battles.
• Does not end the war, only speeds it up.

Question 22

Wilderness Campaign link:

Answer 22

• Lees resistance impossible and surrendered to Grant at Appomattox