10- Introduction of Respiratory Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

V

A

Gas volume

Liters (L) or milliliters (ml)

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2
Q

Q

A

Blood volume

Liters (L) or milliliters (ml)

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3
Q

P

A

Pressure of a gas, in a gas or in a liquid

Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) (torr)
or
Centimeter of water (cmH2O)

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4
Q

F

A

Concentration of a gas in a gas phase

Fraction Percent

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5
Q

C

A

Concentration of a gas in a liquid, either in chemical equilibrium or dissolved
Percent by volume (vol % )or milliequivalent per liter (mEq/L)

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6
Q

S

A

Saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen

Percentage (%)

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7
Q

f

A

Breathing frequency

Breaths per minute

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8
Q
Symbol
I 
E
A
B
v
c
a
A

Description

Inspired

Expired

Alveolar

Barometric

venous

Capillary

arterial

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9
Q

Eupnea

A

normal breathing at rest

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10
Q

hyperpnea

A

increased breathing

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11
Q

hypopnea

A

decreased breathing

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12
Q

dyspnea

A

awareness of breathing, uncomfortable breathing

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13
Q

tachypnea

A

increased frequency of breathing

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14
Q

hyperventilation

A

breathing in excess of requirements of metabolism resulting in decreased PaCO2

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15
Q

hypoventialation

A

breathing insufficient for requirements of metabolism resulting in increased PaCO2

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16
Q

hypoxia

A

reduced oxygen in inspired air

17
Q

hypoxemia

A

reduced oxygen in arterial blood

18
Q

hypercapnia

A

increased PACO2 or PaCo2

19
Q

Apnea

A

cessation of breathing

20
Q

periodic breathing

A

alternate periods of increased and decreased breathing

21
Q

primary function of respiratory system

A
  • Delivery of oxygen from the atmosphere to the tissues

* Delivery of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the atmosphere

22
Q

Pathway of O2

A
  • Atmosphere to Alveoli
  • Alveolar to Pulmonary (passive diffusion depending on pressure differences)
  • Capillary Pulmonary to Systemic Capillary (requires energy to move blood from heart to lungs)
  • Systemic Capillary to tissues (passive diffusion of O2 in and CO2 out)
23
Q

Avogadro’s Hypothesis

A

for all gases, an equal number of molecules in the same space and at the same temperature will exert the same pressure

24
Q

dalton’s law

A

in a gas mixture, the pressure exerted by each individual gas in a space is independent of the pressures of the other gases in the mixture

25
two determinants of pressure
- number of molecules | - temperature
26
boyles law
As a gas is compressed, its volume decreases in exactly the same proportion as its pressure increases (P1V1 = P2V2)
27
Charle's Law
If the volume of a gas is kept constant, the pressure of the gas is proportional to the temperature. -temperature determines kinetic energy of these molecules
28
gas pressure
force created when gas molecules strike an object
29
PO2 and PCO2 Changes Along Transport Pathway
Atmosphere-Alveolar Changes due to: - Dead space - functional residual volume (we dont completely empty lungs with each exhale) - continuous O2 utilization and CO2 production
30
PO2 and PCO2 Along Transport Pathway
-PaO2 is slightly less than P O due to Venous A2 admixture -Mixed venous PO2 is less than PaO2 due to O2 utilization Arterial and mixed venous PCO2 values change less than PO2 values – Differences between the O2 and CO2 dissociation curves
31
Lungs Determine Alveolar and Arterial Gases
-When hemoglobin is reduced from the normal of | 15 to 7 g%, arterial blood gases are normal.
32
Difference between gas pressure and gas content in blood
- Gas pressure is force created by kinetic energy of dissolved gas molecules striking an object. - Gas content is total amount in blood which includes dissolved and that bound to hemoglobin which has no kinetic energy.
33
If lungs are healthy, anemia does not affect PaO2 but decreases O2 content.
Normal PaO2 = 100 mmHg Hemoglobin = 15 g/100 ml Content = 20 ml/100 ml Anemic PaO2 = 100 mmHg Hemoglobin = 7.5 g/100 ml Content = 10.0 ml/100 ml
34
dissolved O2 =
solubility coefficient X PaO2.
35
hemoglobin bound =
[hemoglobin] X 1.34 X SaO2.