10- Introduction of Respiratory Physiology Flashcards
V
Gas volume
Liters (L) or milliliters (ml)
Q
Blood volume
Liters (L) or milliliters (ml)
P
Pressure of a gas, in a gas or in a liquid
Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) (torr)
or
Centimeter of water (cmH2O)
F
Concentration of a gas in a gas phase
Fraction Percent
C
Concentration of a gas in a liquid, either in chemical equilibrium or dissolved
Percent by volume (vol % )or milliequivalent per liter (mEq/L)
S
Saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen
Percentage (%)
f
Breathing frequency
Breaths per minute
Symbol I E A B v c a
Description
Inspired
Expired
Alveolar
Barometric
venous
Capillary
arterial
Eupnea
normal breathing at rest
hyperpnea
increased breathing
hypopnea
decreased breathing
dyspnea
awareness of breathing, uncomfortable breathing
tachypnea
increased frequency of breathing
hyperventilation
breathing in excess of requirements of metabolism resulting in decreased PaCO2
hypoventialation
breathing insufficient for requirements of metabolism resulting in increased PaCO2
hypoxia
reduced oxygen in inspired air
hypoxemia
reduced oxygen in arterial blood
hypercapnia
increased PACO2 or PaCo2
Apnea
cessation of breathing
periodic breathing
alternate periods of increased and decreased breathing
primary function of respiratory system
- Delivery of oxygen from the atmosphere to the tissues
* Delivery of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the atmosphere
Pathway of O2
- Atmosphere to Alveoli
- Alveolar to Pulmonary (passive diffusion depending on pressure differences)
- Capillary Pulmonary to Systemic Capillary (requires energy to move blood from heart to lungs)
- Systemic Capillary to tissues (passive diffusion of O2 in and CO2 out)
Avogadro’s Hypothesis
for all gases, an equal number of molecules in the same space and at the same temperature will exert the same pressure
dalton’s law
in a gas mixture, the pressure exerted by each individual gas in a space is independent of the pressures of the other gases in the mixture