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Covenant Theology > 10: Exodus > Flashcards

10: Exodus Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the Exodus important?

A
  1. It is the single most important event in all Israelite history.
  2. It is how Yahweh has chosen to be known
    • the God who rescues slaves from their bondage and claims them as their own
  3. It is the OT counterpart of the resurrection
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2
Q

Why begin with the Exodus?

A
  1. Following the biblical precedent of redemptive summaries
  2. We get a better sense of where the story is headed
    • provides some perspective on why the Genesis story is being told
  3. We are able to envision the original audience
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3
Q

What are redemptive summaries?

A

When the people of God in the OT understand their present situation by looking back to where they have been and how God has directed their journey to that point.

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4
Q

Mention Exodus overview

A
  1. The Lord redeems Israel from slavery in Egypt and leads them to Sinai (1 - 18)
  2. The Lord enters into covenant relationship at Sinai, giving his commandments (19 - 23)
  3. Covenant confirmed (24)
  4. Instructions for tabernacle, covenant breach, tabernacle completion (25 - 40)
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5
Q

What are the major themes of Exodus?

A
  • The Lord as the great king over all gods, the one who remembers his covenant with Abraham and redeems Abraham’s offspring from the Egypt’s Pharaoh and gods
  • The Lord establishes this people by means of covenant which he makes with them through the mediation of Moses
  • The Lord wants to live with them and commands them to build his tent
  • Even when they fail, he does not forsake them but renews his covenant
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6
Q

A. The Lord redeems Israel from slavery in Egypt and leads them to Sinai (1 - 18)

  1. Setting: Israel in Egypt

What is the setting of the story? (1.1-4)

A

While Israel was in Egypt, a new king arises that does not know Joseph and enslaves Israel.

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7
Q

A. The Lord redeems Israel from slavery in Egypt and leads them to Sinai (1 - 18)

  1. Setting: Israel in Egypt (1.1 - 2.25)

What are the four crucial realities from the OT that are present in the entire trajectory of the Bible?

A
  • God’s presence
  • God’s people
  • God’s place
  • God’s purpose

These realities are already established in Genesis in the Adamic, Noahic, and Abrahamic covenants which are taken up and given new content, not eliminated.

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8
Q

A. The Lord redeems Israel from slavery in Egypt and leads them to Sinai (1 - 18)

  1. Setting: Israel in Egypt
  2. Moses’s call (3.1 - 4.31)

How does God reveals himself throughout the passage?

A
  1. “The God of your father” and promises to be with his people (3.1 - 6)
  2. He has “come down” to liberate his people, and has chosen Moses lead them (3.7 - 12)
  3. He reveals himself as the I AM (3. 13 - 21)
  4. Not only he redeems his people, but adopts them as his own son. He is their king and their father. (4. 21 - 23)
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9
Q

A. The Lord redeems Israel from slavery in Egypt and leads them to Sinai (1 - 18)

  1. Setting
  2. Moses’s call
  3. Who is the Lord? (5.1 - 7.7)

What is the question that undergirds the liberation narrative?

A

Who is the true king, Pharaoh or the Lord?

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10
Q

A. The Lord redeems Israel from slavery in Egypt and leads them to Sinai (1 - 18)

  1. Setting
  2. Moses’s call
  3. Who is the Lord? (5.1 - 7.7)

After Moses questions the Lord (5.22 - 23), how does God responds?

A
  1. Moses will see what God will do - he will liberate his people with a strong hand
  2. All in the context of further explication of the divine name: YHWH
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11
Q

A. The Lord redeems Israel from slavery in Egypt and leads them to Sinai (1 - 18)

  1. Setting
  2. Moses’s call
  3. Who is the Lord? (5.1 - 7.7)

What is the name YHWH?

A

Not merely a statement of identity, God is using the formula customary to human kings in Ancient Near East.

The Torah employs the language of men.

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12
Q

A. The Lord redeems Israel from slavery in Egypt and leads them to Sinai (1 - 18)

  1. Setting
  2. Moses’s call
  3. Who is the Lord? (5.1 - 7.7)

What are the fullest implications of the divine name (YHWH)?

A

Four promises in God’s part

  1. Deliverance from Opression
  2. Creation of a Community, a Nation
  3. Personal Relationship
  4. Abundance and Blessing
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13
Q

A. The Lord redeems Israel from slavery in Egypt and leads them to Sinai (1 - 18)

  1. Setting
  2. Moses’s call
  3. Who is the Lord?
  4. The Lord defeats Pharaoh through plagues (7.8 - 13.22)

What is the purpose of the marvels and wonders?

A

To make evident:

  1. The Lord’s power over Pharaoh
  2. Pharaoh’s inability to maintain universal order (ma ‘at)
  3. The Lord’s total and absolute control over Pharaoh
  4. The Lord as more powerful than the Egyptian gods
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14
Q

A. The Lord redeems Israel from slavery in Egypt and leads them to Sinai (1 - 18)

  1. Setting
  2. Moses’s call
  3. Who is the Lord?
  4. The Lord defeats Pharaoh through plagues (7.8 - 13.22)

(a) How does the Lord shows his power over Pharaoh?

A

Ancient texts characterized Pharaoh as “having a strong arm”, the Exodus account ironically assignes the same qualities to YHWH as he was humiliating Pharaoh

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15
Q

A. The Lord redeems Israel from slavery in Egypt and leads them to Sinai (1 - 18)

  1. Setting
  2. Moses’s call
  3. Who is the Lord?
  4. The Lord defeats Pharaoh through plagues (7.8 - 13.22)

(b) What does it mean that the Pharaoh was unable to maintain ma ‘at?

A

Pharaoh, as the incarnate god on earth, had the responsibility to maintain universal balance.

The plagues serve to unmask Pharaoh’s claim to deity

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16
Q

A. The Lord redeems Israel from slavery in Egypt and leads them to Sinai (1 - 18)

  1. Setting
  2. Moses’s call
  3. Who is the Lord?
  4. The Lord defeats Pharaoh through plagues (7.8 - 13.22)

(c) How does YHWH shows his total control over Pharaoh?

A

He has control even over his heart - to the point of hardening it.

17
Q

A. The Lord redeems Israel from slavery in Egypt and leads them to Sinai (1 - 18)

  1. Setting
  2. Moses’s call
  3. Who is the Lord?
  4. The Lord defeats Pharaoh through plagues (7.8 - 13.22)

(d) How is YHWH more powerful than the Egyptian gods?

A

The plagues demonstrate power over the pantheon of Egyptian gods.

  1. Khnum, Hapi and Osiris were associated with the Nile River - turned to blood
  2. Heqt, wife of Khnum, was represented by a frog
  3. Nut, sky goddess - hail
  4. Isis and Seth, agricultural crops - livestock pestilence and locusts
  5. Ra, sun god - darkness
18
Q

A. The Lord redeems Israel from slavery in Egypt and leads them to Sinai (1 - 18)

  1. Setting
  2. Moses’s call
  3. Who is the Lord?
  4. The Lord defeats Pharaoh through plagues
  5. Pharaoh’s pursues Israel, his final defeat and Moses’s song (14.1 - 15.21)

What is the point here?

A

“Fear not, stand firm, and see the salvation of the Lord, which he will work for you today. For the Egyptians whom you see today, you shall never see again. The Lord will fight for you, and you have only to be silent.” (Ex. 14.13)

19
Q

A.

B. The Lord enters into covenant relationship at Sinai, giving true laws and good statues (19 - 23)

How are the four realities in this part of the story?

A
  1. God’s presence - evident in speaking with Moses while the people are encamped
  2. God’s people - now a liberated people
  3. God’s place - they are at Sinai, and will be for almost a year
20
Q

A.

B. The Lord enters into covenant relationship at Sinai, giving true laws and good statues (19.1 - 23.33)

What about 4, God’s purpose?

A
  • The exodus was a gracious event, God has carried them on eagle’s wings
  • The exodus was an all-encompassing event,
    • Political, economic, social and spiritual ramifications
  • He liberates them in order for them to be a “kingdom of priests and a holy nation”
  • A remnant is preserved again and again
21
Q

A.

B. The Lord enters into covenant relationship at Sinai, giving true laws and good statues (19.1 - 23.33)

What does it mean for Israel to be a kingdom of priests?

A

“YHWH summons Israel to act as a (…) covenantal mediator between him and the rest of the world. In this priestly service, he expects Israel to pray, love, minister and witness to the nations.”

(Williams, Far As The Curse Is Found, 138)

Covenant Theology (27 decks)

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