10. Endocrine Drugs Flashcards
Glibeclamide (Glimel 5mg tab)
Sulfonylureas - Type 2 Diabetes
D : 2.5-20mg daily in 1-2 doses (max 10mg as single dose)
C : - This medication is for your diabetes
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- Some common side effects of this medication is HYPOGLYCAEMIA
- Take this medication with food to reduce risk of hypocglcaemia
- Avoid alcohol as it decreases your blood glucose and mask signs of hypo (Avoid binge drinking and have some food before you drink)
- Make sure you and you friends/family know how to recognise a hypo and how to treat a hypo - ask your doctor or diabetes educator if you are unsure
- Another common side effect is WEIGHT GAIN
- Make sure you maintain a healthy diet and regular exercise
M : - Blood glucose
- HbA1c
- Renal & Hepatic func & Age (reduce dose or use diff med - increase risk of hypo)
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Gliclazide (Diamicron MR 60mg tab, Glyade MR 30mg tab, Glyade 80mg tab)
(30mg MR = 80mg IR)
Sulfonlureas - Type 2 Diabetes
D : 40-320mg daily in 1-2 doses (max 160mg as a single dose)
MR tabs : 30-120mg daily
C : - This medication is for your diabetes
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- Swallow controlled release tablets whole, do not crush or chew tablet
- Some common side effects of this medication is HYPOGLYCAEMIA
- Take this medication with food to reduce risk of hypocglcaemia
- Avoid alcohol as it decreases your blood glucose and mask signs of hypo (Avoid binge drinking and have some food before you drink)
- Make sure you and you friends/family know how to recognise a hypo and how to treat a hypo - ask your doctor or diabetes educator if you are unsure
- Another common side effect is WEIGHT GAIN
- Make sure you maintain a healthy diet and regular exercise
M : - Blood glucose
- HbA1c
- Renal & Hepatic func & Age (reduce dose or use diff med - increase risk of hypo)
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Glimepiride (Amaryl 1mg, 2mg, 3mg, 4mg tablets)
Sulfonlureas - Type 2 Diabetes
D : 1-4mg daily
C : - This medication is for your diabetes
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- Some common side effects of this medication is HYPOGLYCAEMIA
- Take this medication with food to reduce risk of hypocglcaemia
- Avoid alcohol as it decreases your blood glucose and mask signs of hypo (Avoid binge drinking and have some food before you drink)
- Make sure you and you friends/family know how to recognise a hypo and how to treat a hypo - ask your doctor or diabetes educator if you are unsure
- Another common side effect is WEIGHT GAIN
- Make sure you maintain a healthy diet and regular exercise
M : - Blood glucose
- HbA1c
- Renal & Hepatic func & Age (reduce dose or use diff med - increase risk of hypo)
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Glipizide (Melizide 5mg)
Sulfonlureas - Type 2 Diabetes
D : 2.5-40mg daily in 1-2 doses (max 15mg as a single dose)
C : - This medication is for your diabetes
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- Some common side effects of this medication is HYPOGLYCAEMIA
- Take this medication with food to reduce risk of hypocglcaemia
- Avoid alcohol as it decreases your blood glucose and mask signs of hypo (Avoid binge drinking and have some food before you drink)
- Make sure you and you friends/family know how to recognise a hypo and how to treat a hypo - ask your doctor or diabetes educator if you are unsure
- Another common side effect is WEIGHT GAIN
- Make sure you maintain a healthy diet and regular exercise
M : - Blood glucose
- HbA1c
- Renal & Hepatic func & Age (reduce dose or use diff med - increase risk of hypo)
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Pioglitazone (Actos 15 mg, 30mg, 45mg)
Thiazolidinedioines or GLITAZONE- Type 2 Diabetes
D : 15-45mg once daily
C : - This medication is for your diabetes
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- Avoid alcohol as it decreases your blood glucose and mask signs of hypo (Avoid binge drinking and have some food before you drink)
- Some common side effects include PERIPHERAL OEDEMA
- Tell your doctor immediately if you have swollen feet or ankles, breathlessness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, loss of appetite or dark urine
- Another common side effect is WEIGHT GAIN
- Make sure you maintain a healthy diet and regular exercise
- Other common side effects: MYALGIA, HEART FAILURE, INCREASE FRACTURE RISK
M : - Blood glucose
- HbA1c
- Monitor liver enzymes + liver func
- Assess risk of fluid retention (peripheral oedema - weight gain and swollen ankles)
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Rosiglitazone (Avandia 4mg, 8mg tablet)
Thiazolidinedioines or GLITAZONE- Type 2 Diabetes
D : 4-8mg daily in 1-2 doses
C : - This medication is for your diabetes
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- Avoid alcohol as it decreases your blood glucose and mask signs of hypo (Avoid binge drinking and have some food before you drink)
- Some common side effects include PERIPHERAL OEDEMA
- Tell your doctor immediately if you have swollen feet or ankles, breathlessness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, loss of appetite or dark urine
- Another common side effect is WEIGHT GAIN
- Make sure you maintain a healthy diet and regular exercise
- Other common side effects: INCREASES HDL + LDL CHOLESTEROL, HEART FAILURE, INCREASE FRACTURE RISK
M : - Blood glucose
- HbA1c
- Monitor liver enzymes + liver func
- Assess risk of fluid retention (peripheral oedema - weight gain and swollen ankles)
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Alogliptin (Nesina 6.25mg, 12.5mg, 25mg tab; Combination with metformin)
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors (DPP-4 Inhibitor) or GLIPTINS - Type 2 Diabetes
D : 25mg daily (reduce for renal failure)
C : - This medication is used for your diabetes
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- This tablet can be taken with or without food (with food for combination with metformin)
- Some common side effects of this medication is HYPOGLYCAEMIA
- Take this medication with food to reduce risk of hypocglcaemia
- Avoid alcohol as it decreases your blood glucose and mask signs of hypo (Avoid binge drinking and have some food before you drink)
- Make sure you and you friends/family know how to recognise a hypo and how to treat a hypo - ask your doctor or diabetes educator if you are unsure
- Other common side effects: GORD, HEADACHE, MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN
M : - Blood glucose
- HbA1c
- Renal & Hepatic func & Age (reduce dose or use diff med - increase risk of hypo)
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Linagliptin (Trajenta 5mg tab)
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors (DPP-4 Inhibitor) or GLIPTINS - Type 2 Diabetes
D : 5mg Daily
C : - This medication is used for your diabetes
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- This tablet can be taken with or without food (with food for combination with metformin)
- Some common side effects of this medication is HYPOGLYCAEMIA
- Take this medication with food to reduce risk of hypocglcaemia
- Avoid alcohol as it decreases your blood glucose and mask signs of hypo (Avoid binge drinking and have some food before you drink)
- Make sure you and you friends/family know how to recognise a hypo and how to treat a hypo - ask your doctor or diabetes educator if you are unsure
- Other common side effects: HEADACHE, MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN
M : - Blood glucose
- HbA1c
- Renal & Hepatic func & Age (reduce dose or use diff med - increase risk of hypo)
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Saxagliptin (Onglyza 2.5mg, 5mg tab; combination with metformin)
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors (DPP-4 Inhibitor) or GLIPTINS - Type 2 Diabetes
D : 5mg daily (reduce for renal failure)
C : - This medication is used for your diabetes
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- This tablet can be taken with or without food (with food for combination with metformin)
- Some common side effects of this medication is HYPOGLYCAEMIA
- Take this medication with food to reduce risk of hypocglcaemia
- Avoid alcohol as it decreases your blood glucose and mask signs of hypo (Avoid binge drinking and have some food before you drink)
- Make sure you and you friends/family know how to recognise a hypo and how to treat a hypo - ask your doctor or diabetes educator if you are unsure
- Other common side effects: VOMITING, HEADACHE, MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN
M : - Blood glucose
- HbA1c
- Renal & Hepatic func & Age (reduce dose or use diff med - increase risk of hypo)
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Sitagliptin (Januvia 25mg, 50mg, 100mg tablets; Janumet IR and XR -combination with metformin)
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors (DPP-4 Inhibitor) or GLIPTINS - Type 2 Diabetes
D : 100mg daily (reduce for renal failure)
C : - This medication is used for your diabetes
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- This tablet can be taken with or without food (with food for combination with metformin)
- Swallow XR tablets whole with food, do not crush or chew tablet
- Some common side effects of this medication is HYPOGLYCAEMIA
- Take this medication with food to reduce risk of hypocglcaemia
- Avoid alcohol as it decreases your blood glucose and mask signs of hypo (Avoid binge drinking and have some food before you drink)
- Make sure you and you friends/family know how to recognise a hypo and how to treat a hypo - ask your doctor or diabetes educator if you are unsure
- Other common side effects: NAUSEA, HEADACHE, MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN
M : - Blood glucose
- HbA1c
- Renal & Hepatic func & Age (reduce dose or use diff med - increase risk of hypo)
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Vildagliptin (Galvus 50mg tablet; combination with metformin)
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors (DPP-4 Inhibitor) or GLIPTINS - Type 2 Diabetes
D : 50mg BD (reduce for renal failure)
C : - This medication is used for your diabetes
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- If one daily dosing- take in the MORNING
- This tablet can be taken with or without food (with food for combination with metformin)
- Some common side effects of this medication is HYPOGLYCAEMIA
- Take this medication with food to reduce risk of hypocglcaemia
- Avoid alcohol as it decreases your blood glucose and mask signs of hypo (Avoid binge drinking and have some food before you drink)
- Make sure you and you friends/family know how to recognise a hypo and how to treat a hypo - ask your doctor or diabetes educator if you are unsure
- Other common side effects: DIZZINESS, PERIPHERAL OEDEMA, HEADACHE, MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN
M : - Blood glucose
- HbA1c
- Renal & Hepatic func & Age (reduce dose or use diff med - increase risk of hypo)
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Exenatide (Byetta S/C 5mcg, 10mcg/dose)
Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Analogues - Type 2 Diabetes
Liraglutide (Victoza S/C 6mg/ml)
Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Analogues - Type 2 Diabetes
Canagliflozin (Invokana 100mg, 300mg tablets)
Sodium Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors - Type 2 Diabetes
D : 100-300mg Daily, preferably before breakfast (reduce in renal failure)
C : - This medication is used for your diabetes
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- Your urine will test positive for glucose while you are taking this medication
- Some common side effects of this medication is HYPOGLYCAEMIA
- Take this medication with food to reduce risk of hypocglcaemia
- Avoid alcohol as it decreases your blood glucose and mask signs of hypo (Avoid binge drinking and have some food before you drink)
- Make sure you and you friends/family know how to recognise a hypo and how to treat a hypo - ask your doctor or diabetes educator if you are unsure
- Some common side effects include THIRST
- Make sure you drink enough water to control thirst and avoid dehydration
- Other common side effects: FRACTURES, GENITAL INFECTIONS, DYSLIPIDAEMIA, RENAL IMPAIRMENT
M : - Blood glucose
- HbA1c
- Renal & Hepatic func & Age (reduce dose or use diff med - increase risk of hypo
- Serum potassium levels (in renal impairment)
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Dapagliflozin (Forxiga 10mg tab; combination with metformin)
Sodium Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors - Type 2 Diabetes
D : 10mg daily
C : - This medication is used for your diabetes
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- Swallow whole, do not crush or chew tablet (combination)
- Your urine will test positive for glucose while you are taking this medication
- Some common side effects of this medication is HYPOGLYCAEMIA
- Take this medication with food to reduce risk of hypocglcaemia
- Avoid alcohol as it decreases your blood glucose and mask signs of hypo (Avoid binge drinking and have some food before you drink)
- Make sure you and you friends/family know how to recognise a hypo and how to treat a hypo - ask your doctor or diabetes educator if you are unsure
- Some common side effects include THIRST
- Make sure you drink enough water to control thirst and avoid dehydration
- Other common side effects: GENITAL INFECTIONS, DYSLIPIDAEMIA, RENAL IMPAIRMENT
M : - Blood glucose
- HbA1c
- Renal & Hepatic func & Age (reduce dose or use diff med - increase risk of hypo
- Serum potassium levels (in renal impairment)
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Empaglifozin (Jardiance 10mg, 25mg tab)
Sodium Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors - Type 2 Diabetes
D : 10-25mg Daily (reduce in renal failure)
C : - This medication is used for your diabetes
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- Your urine will test positive for glucose while you are taking this medication
- Some common side effects of this medication is HYPOGLYCAEMIA
- Take this medication with food to reduce risk of hypocglcaemia
- Avoid alcohol as it decreases your blood glucose and mask signs of hypo (Avoid binge drinking and have some food before you drink)
- Make sure you and you friends/family know how to recognise a hypo and how to treat a hypo - ask your doctor or diabetes educator if you are unsure
- Some common side effects include THIRST
- Make sure you drink enough water to control thirst and avoid dehydration
- Other common side effects: GENITAL INFECTIONS, DYSLIPIDAEMIA, RENAL IMPAIRMENT
M : - Blood glucose
- HbA1c
- Renal & Hepatic func & Age (reduce dose or use diff med - increase risk of hypo
- Serum potassium levels (in renal impairment)
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Acarbose (Glucobay 50mg, 100mg tab)
other drugs for Diabetes - Type 2 diabetes
D : 50-100mg TDS (max 600mg daily)
C : - This medication is used for your diabetes
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- Swallow whole immediately before a meal or with the first mouthfuls
- Avoid alcohol as it decreases your blood glucose and mask signs of hypo (Avoid binge drinking and have some food before you drink)
- Make sure you and you friends/family know how to recognise HYPOGLYCAEMIA and how to treat a hypo - ask your doctor or diabetes educator if you are unsure
- Other common side effects: FLATULENCE, ABDOMINAL PAIN, INCREASE AMINOTRANSFERASE CONC
M : - Blood glucose
- HbA1c
- Renal & Hepatic func & Age (reduce dose or use diff med - increase risk of hypo
- Plasma aminotransferase concentration
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Insulin
Ultra short-acting: novorapid(aspart), humalog(lispro), apidra (gelofusine)
Short-acting: actrapid(neutral)
Long-acting: protaphane(isophane), humulin/mixtard 30/70, mixtard 50/50, levemir(detemir), lantus(glargine)
Mix Ultra short-acting + Long acting: Novomix30, humalog mix 25, humalog mix 50
other drugs for Diabetes - Type 1 & 2 Diabetes
C : - This medication is for your diabetes
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- Some common side effects of this medication is HYPOGLYCAEMIA
- Take this medication with food to reduce risk of hypocglcaemia
- Avoid alcohol as it decreases your blood glucose and mask signs of hypo (Avoid binge drinking and have some food before you drink)
- Make sure you and you friends/family know how to recognise a hypo and how to treat a hypo - ask your doctor or diabetes educator if you are unsure
- Another common side effect is WEIGHT GAIN
- Make sure you maintain a healthy diet and regular exercise
- Counsel how to use
M : - Blood glucose
- HbA1c
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Metformin (500mg + 1g IR tabs, 500mg + 1g XR tabs)
other drugs for Diabetes - Type 2 diabetes
D : 500-1000mg 1-3 times daily (max 3g IR daily)
500-2000mg daily XR
C : - This medication is for your diabetes
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- Take this medication with food to reduce STOMACH UPSET
- Avoid alcohol as it can affect you control of diabetes (Avoid binge drinking and have some food before you drink)
- Tell your doctor immediately if you have loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, cramps, fatigue, diarrhoea or weight loss
- Other common side effects include: MALABSORPTION OF B12, LACTIC ACIDOSIS
M : - Blood glucose
- HbA1c
- Renal & Hepatic func
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Gulcagon (GlucaGen Hypokit S/C 1mg)
drugs for Hypoglycaemia - Hypoglycaemia
D : 0.5mg (<25kg) - 1mg (>25kg) prn
C : - This medication to treat hypo
- Use this medication as directed by your doctor
- Make sure that your friends and family know how to recognise low blood glucose (HYPO) and how to give a glucagon injection - Ask you r doctor or diabetes educator if you are unsure
- Other common side effects include: NAUSEA, VOMITING, HYPOKALAEMIA
M : - Blood glucose
- HbA1c
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Response to HYPO and giving GLUCAGEN should occur within 10 minutes
- If no response, IV glucose is needed
- If positive response, eat some complex carbohydrates to prevent recurrent hypo.
Liothyronine (Tertroxin 20mcg tabs)
*20-25mcg liothyronine = 100mcg thyroxine)
Thyroid Hormones - severe hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer
D : 20-60mcg daily in 2-3 divided doses
C : - This medication is for your thyroid
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- The side effects are usually those of HYPERTHYROIDISM: excitability, insomnia, flushing, sweating, diarrhoea, weight loss
M : - Thyroid levels
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Thyroxine (Eutroxsig 50mcg, 75mcg, 100mcg, 200mcg tab)
Thyroid Hormones - Hypothyroidism,Suppressive Regimen in Thyroid Cancer
D : 50-200mcg daily
C : - This medication is for your thyroid
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- Take this medication on an empty stomach (1/2 hour before food or 2 hours after food) - preferably before breakfast because can cause insomnia
- This medication is stored in the fridge. Can be out for 14 days.
- Do not take dairy products, antacids, iron or calcium supplements within 2 hours of taking this medication.
- The side effects are usually those of HYPERTHYROIDISM: excitability, insomnia, flushing, sweating, diarrhoea, weight loss
- Tell your doctor if you have symptoms of hyperthyroidism
M : - Thyroid levels
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Carbimazole (Neo-mercazole 5mg tab)
Anti-thyroid Drugs - Hyperthyroidism, Graves disease, Thyroid Storm
D : 10-60mg daily in 2-3 divided doses
C : - This medication is for your thyroid
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- Tell your doctor immediately if you develop fever, mouth ulcers, sore throat, rash, severe fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain or jaundice
- Can cause AGRANULOCYTOSIS, HEPATOTOXICITY
M : - Thyroid levels
- Hepatic function
- Full Blood Count
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds
Proprylthiouracil (PTU 50mg tab)
Anti-thyroid Drugs - Hyperthyroidism, Graves disease, Thyroid Storm
D : 10-60mg daily in 2-3 divided doses
C : - This medication is for your thyroid
- Take this medication as directed by your doctor
- Tell your doctor immediately if you develop fever, mouth ulcers, sore throat, rash, severe fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain or jaundice
- Can cause AGRANULOCYTOSIS, HEPATOTOXICITY
M : - Thyroid levels
- Hepatic function
- Full Blood Count
- Clinical effect
- Side effects
- Compliance/ Troubles with taking or remembering to take meds