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OMC III, Module II > 10. Dental Anomalies > Flashcards

10. Dental Anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomic Anomalies
n Developmental
n Changes during the formation of teeth
n Initiation to ____ week in utero

n Acquired
n Changes initiated after ____

A

6th

tooth formation

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2
Q

Supernumerary teeth
n Teeth that develop in addition to the normal complement
n 1-4% of population
n 2:1 ____ to female
n Greater incidence in ____ and Native Americans

A

male

asians

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3
Q

Supernumerary teeth
n Radiographic features
n Normal looking to ____ form, may be grossly deformed
n Size varies, but generally ____
n Easily identified by ____ the number of teeth

A

conical
smaller
counting

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4
Q 
Supernumerary teeth
n Mesiodens
n \_\_\_\_ region, \_\_\_\_ more common than
mandible
n Distodens, distomolar teeth
n \_\_\_\_ 
n Para...molars
n \_\_\_\_ region 
n Peridens
n \_\_\_\_ or \_\_\_\_ to normal arch
A 
anterior
maxilla
distal to third
molar
buccal
lingual
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5
Q

Supernumerary teeth
n Differential diagnosis

n ____
n Aplasia or hypoplasia of clavicles
n Craniofacial abnormalities
n Multiple supernumerary and unerupted teeth

n \_\_\_\_
n Intestinal polyposis
n Osteomas and odontomas
n Skin fibromas
n Epidermal cysts
n Impacted and supernumery teeth
A

cleidocranial dysplasia

gardner’s syndrome

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6
Q

Missing teeth

n Result of pathologic mechanisms
n Disruption of formation of \_\_\_\_ 
n Failure of \_\_\_\_ development
n Lack of space in \_\_\_\_
n Genetics
A

lamina dura
tooth germ
malformed jaw

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7
Q 
Missing teeth
n Hypodontia
n Absence of one or a few \_\_\_\_
n Oligodontia
n Absence of \_\_\_\_ teeth
n Anodontia
n Absence of all \_\_\_\_
A

teeth
numerous
teeth

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8
Q

Missing teeth Anodontia, Oligodontia

n Ectodermal Dysplasia
n ____ disorder
n missing two ____ derived structures (sweat glands, hair, skin, nails, teeth)

n Severity variable
n number of missing teeth, malformed teeth (usually ____ and ____)

A

inherited
ectoermally
conical
smaller

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9
Q

Macrodontia
n ____ than normal teeth
n Relative macrodontia
n Normal size teeth in ____ than normal jaw
n Usually affect ____ of teeth rather than entire dentition

A

larger
smaller
group

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10
Q

Macrodontia
n ____ may cause increase in size or advanced development of adjacent teeth
n Hemihypertrophy
n Pituitary ____

A

hemangioma

gigantism

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11
Q

Macrodontia
Differential diagnosis n Gemination
n Evidence of a cleft on ____ or root segment

n Fusion
n There will be a ____ tooth

A

coronal

missing

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12
Q 
Microdontia
n \_\_\_\_ than normal teeth
n Altered morphology
n Extra \_\_\_\_ on molars 
n Peg \_\_\_\_
n Relative \_\_\_\_
n Usually affect \_\_\_\_ of teeth rather than entire dentition
A 
smaller
cusps
lateral
microdontia
group
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13
Q

Microdontia
n Consider syndromes such as ____ or progeria
n Generalized microdontia rare, but may occur in ____

A

congenital heart disease

pituitary dwarfism

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14
Q

Transposition
n Two teeth have exchanged ____
n ____ dentition
n ____ and ____ most common

A

positions
permanent
canine
first premolar

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15
Q

Fusion

n Union of developing teeth, adjacent tooth germs combined
n Deciduous and permanent
n ____ more common
n ____ fusion more common in both
n 1:1 ____ to female
n Higher incidence in ____ and Native Americans

A

deciduous
anterior
male
asians

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16
Q

Fusion
n Total or partial depending on stage of odontogenesis
n Size varies from normal to ____ the size
n Bifid crown
n Two teeth joined by ____ or dentin
n Crowns can also be ____ and single, or have an ____ groove

A

twice
enamel
large
incisocervical

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17
Q 
Fusion
Differential diagnosis 
n \_\_\_\_
n \_\_\_\_
In fusion, there are \_\_\_\_ teeth
A

gemination
macrodontia
fewer

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18
Q

Concrescence

n Two or more teeth united by \_\_\_\_
n Deciduous and permanent teeth 
n \_\_\_\_ most common
n (\_\_\_\_ molar and supernumerary)
n 1:1 \_\_\_\_ to female
A

cementum
maxillary molars
third molar
male

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19
Q

Concrescence
n Differential diagnosis
n Radiographically difficult to determine, roots may be ____
n If treatment necessary, take radiographs from different ____
n Check if PDL space ____ around tooth

A

superimposed
angles
continuous

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20
Q

Gemination
n Rare, ____ attempts to divide
n Common in ____, but may occur in permanent
n ____ most common
n 1:1 ____ to female
n Enamel or dentin may be ____ or hypocalcified

A 
tooth bud
deciduous
incisors
male
hypoplastic
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21
Q

Gemination

n Invagination of crown with \_\_\_\_
n Rarely, \_\_\_\_ division
n Radiographic features
n Cleft and \_\_\_\_ in crown
n Enlarged or partially divided \_\_\_\_
A

partial division
complete
invaginations
pulp chamber

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22
Q

Gemination
Differential diagnosis
n ____
(less teeth in fusion)

A

fusion

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23
Q 
Taurodontism
n \_\_\_\_ enlarged pulp chambers 
n Crown normal shape and size
n \_\_\_\_ and permanent
n More common in \_\_\_\_
n Single or \_\_\_\_ teeth
A

longitudinally
deciduous
molars
multiple

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24
Q 
Taurodontism
n Radiographic finding, clinically normal
n Extension of \_\_\_\_ into
elongated body of tooth
n Associated with \_\_\_\_
A

rectangular pulp chamber

trisomy 21 syndrome

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25
Q

Dilaceration
n Disturbance in tooth formation that results in ____ or sharp ____ in tooth
n May occur in ____ or root

A

curve
bend
crown

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26
Q 
Dilaceration
n Differential diagnosis 
n \_\_\_\_ roots
n Condensing \_\_\_\_
n \_\_\_\_

Radiograph from different ____

A

fused
osteitis
enostoses
angles

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27
Q

Dens in dente (invaginatus)
n Infolding of the ____ surface into the interior of the tooth
n Occurs in ____ or root, may involve ____ or root canal
n Most common in ____
n 1:1 ____ to female

A 
outer
crown
pulp chamber
crown
male
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28
Q 
Dens in dente
n Coronal invaginations
n anomalous infolding of enamel organ into
\_\_\_\_
n \_\_\_\_ lining in fold
A

dental papilla

enamel

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29
Q

Dens in dente
n Root invaginations (radicular dens invaginatus)
n Invaginations of ____
n Lined with ____
n Can retract and cut off leaving remnants of
____ in canal
n Mandibular first and second ____

A

hertwig’s epithelial
cementum
PDL
premolars

30
Q

Coronal dens in dente
n Clinically- pit at incisal edge or ____
n Prominent ____ and cingulum
n ____ >maxillary centrals > premolars > canines
n Rare on ____

A

cingulum
lingual ridges
maxillary lateral
mandibulars

31
Q

Dens in dente
n Clinically
n Risk of ____ disease
n Pit difficult to clean, prone to caries
n Difficult to detect, may quickly involve ____
n ____ restoration

A

pulpal
pulp
prophylactic

32
Q

Dens evaginatus

n Outfolding of the ____ organ
n Enamel-covered tubercle on occlusal surface of ____, less commonly molar
n Higher frequency in ____ and Native Americans

A

enamel
premolar
asians

33
Q 
Dens evaginatus
n Tubercle of enamel on \_\_\_\_ surface
n Usually in \_\_\_\_, may be bilateral
n Tubercle has \_\_\_\_, slender pulp horn
n If worn by \_\_\_\_ teeth, appears as \_\_\_\_ facet with black pit
A 
occlusal
mandible
dentin core
opposing
circular
34
Q 
Dens evaginatus
n Occlusal interference or marked abrasion
n Remove \_\_\_\_ 
n Pulp \_\_\_\_
n (prevent \_\_\_\_)
A

aseptically
capped
infection

35
Q

Amelogenesis Imperfecta
n Developmental disturbance that interferes with ____ formation
n Enamel lacks normal pristine structure
n ____ and root form usually normal
n 14 or more variants, 4 general types

A

enamel

dentin

36
Q 
Amelogenesis imperfecta
n Hypoplasia
n Defect in \_\_\_\_
n Thin enamel, \_\_\_\_ shows through
n \_\_\_\_ color
n Undersized
n No \_\_\_\_ contact
n Low, flat cusps
n \_\_\_\_ common
A 
ameloblasts
dentin
yellowish-brown
interproximal
anterior open bite
37
Q

Amelogenesis imperfecta

n Hypomaturation
n Enamel has normal \_\_\_\_ with mottled
appearance
n Enamel soft (similar to dentin)
n Radiopacity of enamel same as \_\_\_\_ 
n Enamel may crack away
n Clear to \_\_\_\_, yellow or brown
A

thickness
dentin
cloudy white

38
Q

Amelogenesis imperfecta
n Hypocalcification
n Enamel normal thickness
n Enamel poorly ____ (less dense than dentin)
n Fractures as soon as in ____
n Enamel and dentin abrade rapidly, often to
____ level
n Enamel ____, tends to stain dark brown
n ____ not common

A 
mineralized
function
gingival
permeable
caries
39
Q

Amelogenesis imperfecta
n Hypomaturation/ hypocalcification n Dominant defect is ____
n Mottled enamel, yellow/brown teeth

n Hypocalcification/hypomaturation n Dominant defect is ____
n ____ enamel

A

hypomaturation
hypocalcification
thin

40
Q

Amelogenesis imperfecta
n Diagnosis primarily ____

n Radiographic features
n Hypoplastic
n ____ crown
n Thin opaque layer of enamel n Low or absent ____
n Enamel density normal
n ____ mottled density in enamel (pitted enamel)

A

clinical
square
cusps
localized

41
Q

Amelogenesis imperfecta

n Radiographic features
n Hypomaturation
n ____ enamel thickness
n Enamel density same as ____

n Hypocalcified
n ____ enamel thickness
n Enamel density more ____ than dentin

A

normal
dentin
normal
radiolucent

42
Q

Amelogenesis imperfecta

n Differential diagnosis
n Dentinogenesis imperfecta
n Advance abrasion with secondary dentin obliterating ____, AI similar to DI

n Dentinogenesis imperfecta
n \_\_\_\_ crowns
n Narrow roots
n \_\_\_\_ density of remaining enamel
n Obliteration of \_\_\_\_ and root canals
A

pulp chambers
bulbous
normal
pulp chambers

43
Q 
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
n Developmental disturbance primarily in \_\_\_\_
n Autosomal \_\_\_\_
n 1:1 \_\_\_\_ to female
n Enamel may be \_\_\_\_
A

dentin
dominant
male
thinner

44
Q 
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
n Type I
n Associated with \_\_\_\_
n Pulp chambers and roots small and \_\_\_\_
n \_\_\_\_ affected more severely than permanent

n Type II
n Similar to Type I but no ____ defects
n Expression ____

A 
osteogenesis imperfecta
underdeveloped
deciduous
skeletal
variable
45
Q

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

n Teeth have ____ translucency
n Yellow to blue-gray
n Enamel ____ easily
n Crowns wear down easily, often to level of gingiva
n Exposed ____ stains easily, dark brown to black

A

amber-like
fractures
dentin

46
Q

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

n Radiographic features
n Crowns normal ____
n Cervical constriction gives bulbous appearance to crown
n Slight to marked ____
n Roots short and slender
n Initially normal ____, eventually obliterated or threadlike by secondary dentin

A

size
attrition
pulp chambers

47
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

n Hereditary, autosomal ____
n Inborn error in ____ collagen, “brittle bones” n 25% have dentinogenesis imperfecta

n Clinical findings 
n \_\_\_\_ sclera
n Skeletal deformities
n Progressive \_\_\_\_
n Class III malocclusion
n Increased incidence \_\_\_\_
A

dominant
type I

blue
osteopenia
impacted first and second molars

48
Q

Dentin dysplasia
n Clinically similar to DI, but is more rare

n Type I (radicular)
n Normal ____ and shape, sometimes ____
n Often ____, drifting teeth
n Exfoliate with little ____

n Type II (coronal)
n ____ teeth similar to DI

A

size
bluish-brown
misaligned
trauma

deciduous

49
Q

Dentin dysplasia

n Radiographic features
n Type I
n Roots \_\_\_\_, abnormally shaped
n \_\_\_\_ obliterated prior to eruption
n 20% have associated \_\_\_\_
n \_\_\_\_ of residual pulp
n \_\_\_\_ on noncarious teeth a distinguishing feature
A 
short
pulp chambers
periapical pathology
microcommunication
PAP
50
Q

Dentin dysplasia

n Type II
n Pulp chambers ____ after eruption
n Pulp chambers appear ____-shaped due to hypertrophic dentin
n Pulp stones
n ____ shaped pulp chambers on anterior and premolar teeth

A

obliterated
flame-shaped
thistle-tube

51
Q

Dentin dysplasia

n Differential diagnosis
n Need to distinguish from DI
n \_\_\_\_ shape pulp chambers
n Generally \_\_\_\_ morphology
n Normal or no \_\_\_\_
n \_\_\_\_ on noncarious teeth
A

thistle-tube
normal
roots
apical rarefying osteitis

52
Q

Odontodysplasia

n Rare condition, typically localized to adjacent teeth in quadrant
n Enamel and dentin hypoplastic and ____
n Clinically
n ____
n Mottled brown due to staining
n ____
n Susceptible to ____, fractures, and pulpal infections

A

hypocalcified
small
brittle
caries

53
Q 
Odontodysplasia
n Radiographic features
n \_\_\_\_ appearance
n Pulp chambers and root canals large due to thin \_\_\_\_ layer
n Poorly outlined \_\_\_\_, short roots 
n Enamel \_\_\_\_, or absent
A

ghostlike
dentin
roots
thin

54
Q 
Odontodysplasia
n Differential diagnosis
n Distinguish from DI 
n Not \_\_\_\_
n Enamel is hypoplastic
n Usually only \_\_\_\_ of arch affected
A

hereditary

segment

55
Q

Enamel pearl

n Small globule of enamel, usually on ____ of molars
n 3% population
n From ____
prior to losing enamel forming potential
n Core of ____, rarely pulp horn

A

roots
hertwig’s epithelial root sheath
dentin

56
Q

Enamel pearl

n Trifurcation of ____ and bifurcation of mandibular molars
n Apical to CEJ
n (below gingival crest, not detected clinically) n Radiographically- ____, round radiopacity

n Differential diagnosis
n \_\_\_\_ (detected clinically)
n Pulp stone (change vertical angulation)
n Superimposition of molar roots at \_\_\_\_ (change \_\_\_\_ angulation)
A 
maxillary molars
smooth
calculus
furcation
horizontal
57
Q 
Talon cusp
n Hyperplasia of \_\_\_\_ of incisor
n Supernumerary cusp
n \_\_\_\_ are caries prone
n Radiographically, cusp superimposed over crown

n Differential diagnosis
n May simulate a ____ tooth
n Use ____ object technique to distinguish

A

cingulum
grooves
supernumerary
buccal

58
Q

Turner’s hypoplasia
n Term to describe a permanent tooth with a localized ____ defect on crown
n Caused by ____ (deciduous) or trauma
n Severity depends on severity of insult
n Affects developing ____
n Disturbs matrix formation and calcification
n Hypocalcified with ____ to pitting and changes in morphology of crown

A

hypoplastic
infection
ameloblasts
staining

59
Q

Congenital syphilis

n 30% of patients with congenital syphilis
n Direct infection of developing tooth,
n Dental hypoplasia (permanent)
n Hutchinson’s teeth- incisors
n ____ shaped crown
n Incisal edge no wider than ____ portion of tooth

n Mulberry molars
Constricted ____ third of crown, occlusal no wider than ____ portion of tooth
n Cusps ____ and poorly formed
n Enamel ____, globular- like a mulberry

A

screwdriver
cervical

occlusal
cervical
small
hypoplastic

60
Q 
Acquired anomalies
n \_\_\_\_
n Abrasion
n \_\_\_\_
n Resorption
n Secondary \_\_\_\_ 
n Pulp stones
n Pulpal \_\_\_\_
n Hypercementosis
A

attrition
erosion
dentin
sclerosis

61
Q

Attrition
n Physiologic wear of dentition n Wear ____
n Dentinal exposure- staining
n ____ as dentin wears faster than enamel

A

facets

cupping

62
Q 
Abrasion
n Non-\_\_\_\_ wear of teeth due to contact with foreign substances
n Tooth \_\_\_\_ n Dental floss
n Pipe \_\_\_\_
n Denture clasps
A

physiologic
brushing
smoking

63
Q

Erosion
n Teeth are eroded by a ____, commonly an acid
n Chronic vomiting or acid reflux
n Acidic diet
n ____ defects on crown
n Diagnosis by history and clinical exam
n Edges of defect more ____ than abrasion defects

A

chemical
radiolucent
rounded

64
Q

Resorption
n Removal of tooth structure by ____
n Possible sequelae of infection, excessive ____ or function, local tumors or cysts

A

odontclasts

pressure

65
Q

Internal resorption

n Resorption within pulp chamber/canal of the surrounding dentin
n ____ trauma, direct/indirect pulp cap, pulpotomy, enamel invagination
n ____ radiolucent lesion in crown or root

n Differential
n ____
n External resorption
Distinguish by ____ exam, changing horizontal angulation of beam

A

acute
homogenous
caries
clinical

66
Q

External resorption
n Resorption of ____ surface of tooth
n Possible sequelae of infection, reimplanted ____, excessive ____ or occlusal forces, impacted teeth

A

outer
teeth
orthodontic

67
Q

External resorption

n Apical region
n ____ resorption
n ____ roots
n Pulp canal visible at apex, wide

n Cervical region
n Commonly caused by ____ adjacent tooth

n Differential
n ____
n ____
External resorption- normal intact pulp chamber/canal

A 
smooth
blunted
unerupted
caries
internal resorption
68
Q

Secondary dentin

n Dentin deposited in \_\_\_\_ after primary dentin formation completed
n Normal aging process- stimuli such as \_\_\_\_ or minor trauma
n (Tertiary) due to pathology 
n \_\_\_\_
n Trauma
n \_\_\_\_
n Erosion
n Dental \_\_\_\_
A 
pulp chamber
chewing
caries
abrasion
restorations
69
Q 
Pulp stones
n Foci of \_\_\_\_ in dental pulp
n Radiographic finding
n Microscopically apparent after \_\_\_\_yo 
n Vary in size and shape

____- amorphous and unorganized form of calcification

A

calcification
50
pulpal sclerosis

70
Q

Hypercementosis

n Excessive deposition of ____ on tooth roots
n Radiographically see irregular enlargement of roots, more evident on apically
n ____
n Hyperocclusion
n ____
n Hyperpituitarism- gigantism, acromegaly

n Differential diagnosis
n Other radiopacities near ____
n Distinguishing feature- presence of ____ in hypercementosis

A 
cementum
inflammation
paget's disease
root
PDL space

OMC III, Module II (10 decks)

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