10. Cooperation

Question 1

cooperation

Answer 1

outcome in which two or more interacting individuals each receive a net benefit from a joint action (that may involve dividing tasks)
To behave in such a way as to make the benefits from a joint actin possible (even though they may not necessarily be achieved)

Question 2

Paths to cooperation

Answer 2

1. Reciprocal
2. Byproduct mutualism
3. (trait) group selection

Question 3

Reciprocity

Answer 3

When unrelated individuals benefit from exchanging acts of cooperative and altruistic behaviour – what Trivers referred to as reciprocal altruism – then this sort of reciprocal exchange system might be favoured by natural selection

Question 4

Byproduct mutualism

Answer 4

Cooperation is a byproduct if there is an immediate cost or penalty if individual did not act cooperatively

Question 5

(trait) Group selection

Answer 5

a group in which all individuals affect one another’s fitness. It basically means that a group that cooperates outproduces groups with fewer cooperators

Question 6

Kin selection (path 4)

Answer 6

Natural selection in which an disadvantageous characteristic increases in the population due to increased survival of individuals genetically related to those possessing the characteristic.

Question 7

Coalition

Answer 7

cooperative action taken by at least two individuals or groups against another individual or group

Question 8

types of interaction in coalition

Answer 8

• Dyadic (2 indiv.): two individuals interact in such a way that the fitness of each is affected by both its own action and the action of its partner.
• Polyadic (>2 indiv.): interactions that involve more than two individuals. One example of polyadic interactions involving cooperation is coalition behavior
• Alliances (long-term coalitions): When coalitions exist for long periods of time, they are often referred to as alliances.