10 - Classification and Evolution Flashcards
What is the order of classification? (i.e. class, genus etc. in order)
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What is the name of the groups of classification (i.e. class, genus etc.)?
Taxonomic groups
What were the traditional 5 kingdoms?
Animalia, Fungi, Protoctista, Plantae, Prokaryotae
Who was the first to propose a modern system of classification and when?
Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century, hence it being named Linnaen Classification
What is the binomial naming system?
Where we use the Genus and Species names (in that order) to identify a species
What is an advantage of using the binomial naming system?
It removes the language barrier between two scientists without a common language who wish to talk about the same organism
Can organisms in the same genus reproduce?
Yes, but they only produce infertile offspring
What is the infertile offspring of two organisms of the same genus called?
A hybrid, and has no Latin name
When was the 6-kingdom model of classification with domains first introduced and by whom?
1977 by Carl Woese
What are 3 reasons that scientists classify organisms?
- To identify species 2. To predict characteristics 3. To find evolutionary links
What is one slight limitation of using a classification system?
The classification is created by humans instead of being defined by nature
What are some features of organisms from the Animalia kingdom?
Multicellular, heterotrophic feeders, no chlorophyll, no cell wall, complex cell structure with nucleus
What are some features of organisms from the Plantae kingdom?
Multicellular, cellulose cell wall, autotrophic feeders using chlorophyll, complex cell structure with nucleus
What are some features of organisms from the Fungi kingdom?
Multicellular, cell walls not made of cellulose, saprophytic feeders so no chlorophyll, complex cell structure with nucleus
What are some features of organisms from the Protoctista kingdom?
Mostly unicellular (a few multicellular), complex cell structure with nucleus
What are the 3 domains?
Eukaryotes, Eubacteria, Archebacteria
Why are some hybrids infertile?
Because they have an odd number of chromosomes
What are some features of Eukarya?
Eukaryotic, bilipid cell membrane, membrane-bound organelles, contain 80S ribosomes, RNA Polymerase has 12 proteins
What are some features of Archaea?
Prokaryotic, monolipid cell membrane, no true organelles, extremophiles, 70S ribosomes, RNA Polymerase has 8-10 proteins
What cellular feature makes Archaea such good extremophiles?
Their monolipid cell membrane is very resistant to being disrupted
What are the main differences between Archaea and Eubacteria?
- Archaea have no peptidoglycan in their cell wall 2. Different number of proteins in RNA Polymerase 3. Archaea have a monolipid cell membrane, Eubacteria have a bilipid cell membrane 4. Eubacteria are found in all environments whereas Archaea tend to be extremophiles
What are some features of Eubacteria?
Prokarotic, peptidoglycan cell wall, no true organelles, 70S ribosomes, RNA Polymerase contains 5 proteins
Why do scientists think Archaea were some of the earliest life?
They were extermophiles, and conditions on early Earth were very hostile
Are Archaea or Eubacteria more common?
Eubacteria