10 - Bones And Vessels Flashcards
Label these veins and arteries.
What are the different types of bone, what are their functions and provide an example of each?
What is the function of cancellous and spongy bone?
What is the structure of yellow and red bone marrow and what is it’s function?
What is the structure of cancellous bone?
Trabeculae, each trabecula made of irregular lamellae
How many types of blood cell are there?
20 in bone marrow, 7 in blood
How do maturing blood cells leave bone and get to blood?
- Megakaryocytes:
Bind to sinusoid and deposit tissue out into sinusoid to release platelets
- Other blood cells:
Sinusoid through fenestrations –> Central Vein –> Vena Comitans –> Vena Cava
Cells held by adhesion molecules that decrease in number as they mature
What is the periosteum and endosteum?
- Periosteum is a loose connective tissue surrounding bone made of collagen I
- Endosteum is loose connective tissue inside the cortical bone (just osteoclasts)
What state are RBC’s and WBC’s when they leave the bone marrow?
Venule –> Intermediate Vein –> Larger Vein –> Vena Cava
RBC’s - Reticulocytes that mature over 2 days
B-Cells - Mature
T-Cells - Need activating by thymus
What do a high level of reticulocytes in the blood indicate?
- Could be anaemia or leukemia
- Haemopoiesis and Haemolysis are in equillibrium so change in production or removal will increase reticulocyte count
Where is bone marrow located mainly?
- Flat bones
- Ribs, sternum, vertebrae, pelvis
- 2.8kg of 70kg man
What does bone marrow consist of?
Haemopoietic cells, adipose tissue and supportive stromal cells
What are the two types of artery?
What is the structure of an artery?
Compare and contrast arteries and veins.
What veins don’t carry deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary and umbilical cord
What is the structure of arterioles?
- Similar to arteries
- Smooth muscle sphincter can constrict and relax to control blood flow
Discuss arteries, veins and capillaries in terms of function, structure, lumen, valves and how structure fits function
In capillaries only RBC’s can enter not WBC’s
What is a pericyte?
- Immature smooth muscle cell in basement membrane that prevents endothelial proliferation
- Maintains tight capillaries, e.g brain and eyes
- Can differentiate to fibroblast, smooth muscle, endothelial
How do you classify a vein?
- Superficial or Deep
- Pulmonary or systemic
What is vasculogenesis?
- Production of new blood vessels
- Cancer, embryonic development, endometriosis
- VEGF from endoderm stimulates MSC to differentiate, form primary plexus and then primary vessel
What is angiogenesis?
Production of blood vessels from existing blood vessels
What are colateral arteries and when do they form?
- Alternative path for arterial blood flow
- Seen in ischemia and CHD, new arterioles form to bypass blockage
- Can develop in foetus
What is the structure of sinusoids?
