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Psycopathology > 10. Biological Approach To Treating OCD > Flashcards

10. Biological Approach To Treating OCD Flashcards

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1
Q

What does SSRI stand for?

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

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2
Q

What does drug therapy do to the brain?

A

Increases or decreases levels of neurotransmitters

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3
Q

What is the standard treatment for symptoms of OCD?

A

SSRI antidepressants

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4
Q

What system do SSRIs work on?

A

Serotonin system

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5
Q

Where is serotonin released from?

A

Presynaptic neurons

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6
Q

What does serotonin travel across in the brain?

A

Synapses

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7
Q

explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:

A

released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse
neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron
reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused

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8
Q

what do SSRI’S prevent?

A

the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin

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9
Q

What are the results of SSRI ?

A

ssri’s effectively increase it’s levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.

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10
Q

what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?

A

Fluoxetine

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11
Q

how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?

A

3-4 months of daily use

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12
Q

why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?

A

reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more

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13
Q

what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?

A

tricyclics

SNRIs

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14
Q

what are tricyclics?

A 
older antidepressant (Clomipramine)
kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs
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15
Q

what are SNRIs?

A

serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)

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16
Q

why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?

A

more cost-effective

non-disruptive to patients’ lives

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17
Q

what are some side effects of SSRIs?

A

blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)

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18
Q

why are drug side-effects a limitation?

A

reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them

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19
Q

What did Soomro et al find? (2009)

A

studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions

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20
Q

how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?

A

70%

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21
Q

A03- comparison with CBT

A

less effort required

  • less time taken
  • cheaper for NHS
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22
Q

A03 reductionist

A

therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response

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23
Q

What are the effects of snris

A

clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm

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24
Q

Goldacre

A

goldacre
- studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective

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25
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
26
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
27
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
28
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
29
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
30
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
31
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
32
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
33
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
34
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
35
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
36
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
37
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
38
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
39
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
40
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
41
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
42
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
43
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
44
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
45
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
46
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
47
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
48
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
49
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
50
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
51
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
52
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
53
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
54
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
55
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
56
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
57
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
58
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
59
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
60
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
61
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
62
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
63
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
64
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
65
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
66
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
67
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
68
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
69
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
70
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
71
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
72
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
73
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
74
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
75
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
76
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
77
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
78
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
79
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
80
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
81
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
82
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
83
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
84
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
85
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
86
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
87
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
88
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
89
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
90
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
91
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
92
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
93
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
94
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
95
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
96
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
97
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
98
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
99
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
100
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
101
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
102
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
103
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
104
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
105
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
106
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
107
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
108
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
109
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
110
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
111
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
112
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
113
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
114
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
115
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
116
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
117
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
118
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
119
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
120
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
121
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
122
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
123
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
124
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
125
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
126
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
127
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
128
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
129
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
130
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
131
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
132
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
133
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
134
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
135
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
136
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
137
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
138
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
139
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
140
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
141
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
142
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
143
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
144
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
145
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
146
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
147
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
148
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
149
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
150
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
151
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
152
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
153
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
154
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
155
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
156
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
157
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
158
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
159
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
160
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
161
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
162
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
163
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
164
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
165
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
166
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
167
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
168
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
169
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
170
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
171
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
172
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
173
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
174
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
175
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
176
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
177
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
178
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
179
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
180
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
181
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
182
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
183
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
184
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
185
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
186
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
187
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
188
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
189
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
190
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
191
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
192
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
193
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
194
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
195
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
196
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
197
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
198
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
199
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
200
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
201
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
202
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
203
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
204
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
205
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
206
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
207
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
208
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
209
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
210
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
211
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
212
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
213
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
214
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
215
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
216
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
217
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
218
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
219
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
220
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
221
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
222
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
223
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
224
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
225
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
226
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
227
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
228
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
229
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
230
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
231
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
232
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
233
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
234
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
235
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
236
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
237
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
238
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
239
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
240
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
241
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
242
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
243
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
244
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
245
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
246
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
247
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
248
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
249
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
250
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
251
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
252
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
253
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
254
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
255
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
256
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
257
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
258
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
259
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
260
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
261
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
262
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
263
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
264
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
265
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
266
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
267
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
268
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
269
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
270
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
271
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
272
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
273
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
274
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
275
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
276
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
277
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
278
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
279
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
280
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
281
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
282
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
283
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
284
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
285
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
286
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
287
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
288
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
289
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
290
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
291
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
292
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
293
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
294
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
295
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
296
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
297
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
298
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
299
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
300
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
301
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
302
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
303
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
304
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
305
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
306
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
307
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
308
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
309
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
310
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
311
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
312
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
313
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
314
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
315
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
316
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
317
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
318
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
319
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
320
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
321
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
322
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
323
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
324
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
325
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
326
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
327
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
328
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
329
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
330
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
331
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
332
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
333
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
334
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
335
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
336
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
337
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
338
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
339
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
340
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
341
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
342
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
343
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
344
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
345
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
346
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
347
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
348
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
349
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
350
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
351
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
352
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
353
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
354
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
355
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
356
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
357
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
358
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
359
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
360
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
361
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
362
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
363
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
364
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
365
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
366
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
367
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
368
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
369
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
370
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
371
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
372
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
373
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
374
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
375
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
376
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
377
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
378
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
379
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
380
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
381
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
382
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
383
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
384
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
385
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
386
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
387
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
388
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
389
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
390
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
391
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
392
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
393
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
394
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
395
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
396
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
397
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
398
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
399
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
400
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
401
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
402
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
403
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
404
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
405
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
406
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
407
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
408
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
409
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
410
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
411
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
412
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
413
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
414
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
415
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
416
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
417
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
418
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
419
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
420
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
421
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
422
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
423
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
424
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
425
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
426
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
427
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
428
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
429
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
430
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
431
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
432
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
433
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
434
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
435
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
436
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
437
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
438
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
439
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
440
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
441
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
442
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
443
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
444
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
445
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
446
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
447
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
448
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
449
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
450
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
451
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
452
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
453
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
454
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
455
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
456
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
457
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
458
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
459
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
460
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
461
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
462
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
463
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
464
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
465
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
466
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
467
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
468
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
469
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
470
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
471
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
472
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
473
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
474
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
475
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
476
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
477
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
478
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
479
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
480
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
481
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
482
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
483
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
484
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
485
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
486
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
487
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
488
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
489
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
490
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
491
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
492
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
493
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
494
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
495
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
496
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
497
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
498
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
499
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
500
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
501
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
502
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
503
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
504
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
505
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
506
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
507
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
508
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
509
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
510
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
511
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
512
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
513
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
514
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
515
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
516
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
517
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
518
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
519
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
520
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
521
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
522
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
523
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
524
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
525
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
526
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
527
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
528
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
529
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
530
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
531
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
532
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
533
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
534
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
535
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
536
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
537
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
538
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
539
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
540
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
541
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
542
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
543
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
544
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
545
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
546
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
547
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
548
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
549
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
550
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
551
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
552
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
553
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
554
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
555
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
556
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
557
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
558
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
559
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
560
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
561
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
562
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
563
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
564
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
565
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
566
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
567
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
568
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
569
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
570
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
571
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
572
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
573
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
574
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
575
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
576
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
577
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
578
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
579
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
580
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
581
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
582
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
583
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
584
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
585
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
586
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
587
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
588
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
589
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
590
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
591
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
592
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
593
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
594
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
595
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
596
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
597
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
598
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
599
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
600
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
601
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
602
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
603
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
604
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
605
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
606
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
607
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
608
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
609
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
610
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
611
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
612
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
613
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
614
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
615
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
616
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
617
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
618
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
619
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
620
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
621
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
622
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
623
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
624
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
625
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
626
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
627
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
628
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
629
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
630
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
631
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
632
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
633
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
634
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
635
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
636
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
637
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
638
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
639
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
640
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
641
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
642
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
643
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
644
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
645
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
646
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
647
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
648
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
649
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
650
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
651
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
652
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
653
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
654
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
655
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
656
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
657
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
658
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
659
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
660
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
661
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
662
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
663
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
664
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
665
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
666
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
667
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
668
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
669
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
670
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
671
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
672
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
673
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
674
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
675
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
676
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
677
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
678
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
679
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
680
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
681
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
682
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
683
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
684
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
685
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
686
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
687
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
688
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
689
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
690
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
691
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
692
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
693
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
694
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
695
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
696
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
697
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
698
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
699
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
700
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
701
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
702
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
703
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
704
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
705
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
706
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
707
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
708
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
709
explain how serotonin is absorbed in the brain:
released by presynaptic neuron and travels across a synapse neurotransmitter chemically conveys signal from pre-postsynaptic neuron reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron and reused
710
what do SSRI'S prevent?
the re-absorbtion and breakdown of serotonin
711
What are the results of SSRI ?
ssri's effectively increase it's levels in the synpase and thus continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.
712
what SSRI drug is usually given to patients ?
Fluoxetine
713
how long do SSRI drugs take to become effective?
3-4 months of daily use
714
why are drugs more effective with CBT on OCD?
reduce emotional symptoms so patient can engage more
715
what are 2 alternatives to SSRIs?
tricyclics | SNRIs
716
what are tricyclics?
``` older antidepressant (Clomipramine) kept reserved for patients who don't respond to SSRIs ```
717
what are SNRIs?
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (increase levels of serotonin as well as noradrenaline neurotransmitter)
718
why do many doctors and patients favour drug treatments over psychological treatments?
more cost-effective | non-disruptive to patients' lives
719
what are some side effects of SSRIs?
blurred vision, loss of sex drive, indigestion (temporary)
720
why are drug side-effects a limitation?
reduces effectiveness as patients stop taking them
721
What did Soomro et al find? (2009)
studies showed better results for SSRI results compared to placebo conditions
722
how many patients taking SSRIs do symptoms decrease for?
70%
723
A03- comparison with CBT
less effort required - less time taken - cheaper for NHS
724
A03 reductionist
therapies also work as treatment meaning this cannot just be a biological response
725
What are the effects of snris
clomipramine can cause weight gain, erectile problems and changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm
726
Goldacre
goldacre - studies are sponsored by drug companies and they overemphasise positive results and do not publish results where the drugs are not effective
727
How does the serotonin convey the signal from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron?
Chemically
728
Where is serotonin broken down and then reused?
Post synaptic Neuton

Psycopathology (10 decks)

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