10 and 11 psychology

Question 1

Reflective Judgement Model

Answer 1

Evaluate and integrate evidence
relate the evidence to a theory or opinion
reach a reasonable conclusion

Question 2

Reflective Judgement Model stages

Answer 2

1-3 Dogmatic/Prereflective
a correct answer always exist
correct answers can be obtained by what one sees and hears believing authority

Question 3

Quasi Reflective/Relativist

Answer 3

some things cannot be known with absolute certainty
not sure how to deal with the situation
alternative viewpoints
any judgment is purely subjective

Question 4

reflective judgment 6-7

Answer 4

although some things can never be known with certainly some judgments are more valid than others because of their fit with the evidence

Question 5

percentage of people married by 40

Answer 5

85 %

Question 6

when is marriage the happiest

Answer 6

first 6 months

Question 7

attachment styles- dismissing avoidant

Answer 7

dismiss the importance of relationships 
trust themselves but do not trust
others thus do not share their dreams 
goals and fears with others
do not depend on others and feel uncomfortable when they have to do so

Question 8

attachment styles-fearful avoidant (25%)

Answer 8

want close relationships but do not feel comfortable getting emotionally close to others
Have trust issue with others do not trust their own social skills in maintaining relationships

Question 9

attachment style - Secure (56%)

Answer 9

comfortable trusting their partners and do not worry excessively about their partners love for them

Question 10

attachment style- Preoccupied

Answer 10

often prone to jealousy and worry that their partners does not love them as much as they need to be loved

Question 11

six simple truths of communication

reservoir of hope

Answer 11

each relationship contains a reservoir hope of when all hope for the relationship is gone in either partner or both, then the relationship is generally over, but if there is a little bit left, then there is something to work with to build up the relationship again.

Question 12

six simple truths of communication - one zinger

Answer 12

put-downs, criticism, verbal attacks) will erase 20 acts of kindness

Question 13

six simple truths of communication- small changes

Answer 13

can lead to huge changes in the relationship Intentionally simple acts of kindness, compliments, ignore small things

Question 14

six simple truths of communication

Answer 14

It’s not the differences between partners that cause problems but how the differences are handled when they come up

Question 15

six simple truths of communication continued

Answer 15

Problems are always going to come up in relationships Careful listening, understanding differences, learning acceptance strengthens relationships; being each others friend rather than judge is the goal

Question 16

Men and women often argue/fight using different weapons but suffer similar wounds

Answer 16

Men are less comfortable with conflict and tend to withdraw or avoid uncomfortable discussions about problems in the relationship
Women have more difficulty with emotional distance and are more likely to need to resolve relationship conflicts through discussion as soon as possible
He can feel nagged, and she can feel rejected
Both must realize that they seek the same things: acceptance, support, and affection

Question 17

1. 7 aspects of communication to consider

Answer 17

Remember that no person can fulfill all the needs of his or her partner

Question 18

2. 7 aspects of communication to consider

Answer 18

Be aware of your motivation (What is your role in the problem?)
Stop if it is to hurt, humiliate, blame, ridicule, or get even

Question 19

3. 7 aspects of communication to consider

Answer 19

Choose the time and place
stop if it is public, if anger is at a peak, if time is limited if either partner is stressed, under the influence, or preoccupied
Anxiety-induced stalling often occurs so set a time to talk if you experience it
Where you talk is also important: on a walk, at the table over coffee, while on a drive, in the bedroom, on the living room sofa, etc. Someplace where you are less likely to be interrupted or lack privacy
Remember that time and place don’t assure a good outcome, but they can set the stage for best chance of a good outcome

Question 20

4. 7 aspects of communication to consider

Answer 20

Temper complaints with genuine praise
Start with acknowledging positives; people are more likely to make a good thing better than to make a bad thing good
Limit to one complaint at a time
Be concise about your wants and give only one or two examples of the fault, then STOP.

Question 21

5. 7 aspects of communication to consider

Answer 21

Nurture small steps toward change
Remember that behavior changes due to reinforcement of small steps toward the desired goal. You’ll have to reinforce and remind several times if a new behavior is to be learned

Question 22

6. 7 aspects of communication to consider

Answer 22

Avoid “why” questions
They feel like attacks even if they aren’t meant to be. Sometimes “why” questions ARE used to veil attacks in a sneaky, hurtful way – that’s playing dirty!

Question 23

7. 7 aspects of communication to consider

Answer 23

Express negative emotions appropriately
Express appreciation for a partner
Focus anger on behavior rather than character
Use “I” statements because they express how we feel and show our vulnerability making it easier to respond to our partner in a positive way
Avoid using “You” statements; they are blaming in nature and set a stage for arguing, defensiveness, and retaliation

Question 24

learn to take criticism- take a deep breath

Answer 24

Take a deep breath, count to 10 (Hold on to yourself – be “self-soothing”)
Think about what helpful information the person may be trying to convey

Question 25

learn to take criticism- Empathize and paraphrase

Answer 25

Don’t match criticism with counter-criticism – it causes defensiveness, withdrawal, antagonism, even hopelessness as the criticizer sees their partner as not wanting to understand, empathize or care about his or her concerns

Question 26

learn to take criticism- Acknowledge that there can be a legitimate basis for the criticism

Answer 26

This is important even if you don’t agree or think it is unjustified

Question 27

learn to take criticism - Ask clarifying questions

Answer 27

This is especially necessary if the person is using global terms like “always” and “never.”

Question 28

learn to take criticism= Verbalize your feelings about the criticism rather than acting them out

Answer 28

by crying, leaving, retreating into a shell of indifference or despair
LAST=
Focus on changes that the two of you can make.