10-23 L2 Psych (intro) Flashcards
What is the leading cause of years lived with disability (YLD)?
depression
(unipolar major depression)
DSM-IV definition of mental illness?
what are the 3 things associated with it?
- a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome
- associated with
- present distress
- disability
- increased risk of death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom
- the syndrome is not merely an expectable and culturally sanctioned response to a particular event
what treatments where used before pharmacology in psychiatry?
- asylums e.g. bedlom
- invasive techniques
- trepanation
- lobotomy
- ostracium/persecution e.g. get out of village & never come back!
Who is Benjamin Rush?
- father of american psychiatry
- revisited the idea that mental illness is a disease of the mind and not a possession of demons.
Who is philippe pinel?
- french physician
- instrumental in making the asylum better
- put empathsis on the pt.
Who is Dorothea Dix?
- american philanthropist and social reformer
- advocated on behalf of hte pt
- when society swept them under the rug.
Who is Emil Kraepelin?
- reformulated the diagnosist system for psychiatric disease
- relatized that mental illness principally caused by bilogical and genetic factors
Who is sigmund freud?
- Father of psychoanalysis
- important advances in psychology
- Concept of the unconsious and defense mechanisms.
Who first attempted lobotomy?
Who refined the technique?
Who mass produced the procedure?
- Gottlieb Burchkardt (1880s)
- Antonio Egas Moniz (1935)
- Nobel prize (1949)
- Waler Freeman
- 3400 procedures b/t 1936-67
- Lobotomobile
name the five invasive techniques?
(B-MICE)
- Malarial therapy for general paresis of the insane/tertiary syphilis (1917)
- Barbiturate-induced Deep sleep therapy (1920)
- Insulin shock therapy (1933)
- Cardiazol shock therapy (1934)
- Electroconvulsive therapy (1938)
What are 2 early pharmacological agents used?
- Opium
- Alcohol
What drug was the first advance in therapy?
- Chlorpromazine
The major psychiatric illnesses are caused by dyregulation of brain regions involved in processing what?
- involved in processing of
- emotions
- informations
- memory systems
DSM-IV
text revision
- sympotom oriented psychiatric care
- symptom-oriented, criterion-based approach to psychiatirc diagnosis
What are the 9 symptoms used for DSM-IV criteria for major depressive episode
(DDDD-SAFF-R)
- Depressed mood
- decreased interest or pleasure
- dysregulated sleep
- decreased concentration
- significant weight change
- agitation of sluggishness
- fatigue
- feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- recurrent thoughts of death/suicide
Define the DSM-IV axis
- Axis I: diagnoses of all major psychiatric disorders
- Aixs II: diagnoses of personality or developmental disorders
- Axis III: diagnoses of other medical illnesses
- Axis IV: Current stresses
- Axis V: Level of functioning
How have advance in psychopharmacology improved the lives of individuals with mental illnesses?
- symptoms can be alleviated and full recovery is common.
- however, psychiatric disorders are prone to recurrence (w/o adequate treatment, they can lead to profound suffering and even death)
What are the 3 categories for treatment of psychiatric disorders?
- Psychopharmacology
- Non-pharmacologic biological treatments
- psychotherapy
Identify the psychopahrmacological groups used to treat psychiatric disorders
(MAAAP)
- Mood stabilizers
- antipsychotics
- anti-anxiety agents
- anti-depresseants
- Psychostimulants
Identify the non-pharmacological biological treatments used to treat psychiatric disorders.
(VET)
- Vagus n stimulation
- ECT
- TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation)
Identify the psychotheryapy used to treat psychiatric disorders.
(PIC-MF)
- Psychodynamic psychotherapy & psychoanalysis
- Interpersonal psychotherapy
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
- Marital therapy
- Family therapy
Treatment for psychiatric disorders:
E-DLS
- Exercise
- Diet
- Light therapy
- Socialization
What are some future directions in psychopharmacology?
- Restructuring research
- Genomics
- Epigenetics
- attempts to silence risk genes by enhancing the methylation of gene promoters or their downstream products
- attempts to active helpful genes by inhibiting histone deacetylase
- preventing the formation of defective or unwanted proteins in a neuron by interfering with RNA.