10-23 L2 Psych (intro)

Question 1

What is the leading cause of years lived with disability (YLD)?

Answer 1

depression

(unipolar major depression)

Question 17

DSM-IV definition of mental illness?

what are the 3 things associated with it?

Answer 17

• a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome
• associated with
  
  • present distress
  • disability
  • increased risk of death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom
• the syndrome is not merely an expectable and culturally sanctioned response to a particular event

Question 18

what treatments where used before pharmacology in psychiatry?

Answer 18

• asylums e.g. bedlom
• invasive techniques
  
  • trepanation
  • lobotomy
• ostracium/persecution e.g. get out of village & never come back!

Question 19

Who is Benjamin Rush?

Answer 19

• father of american psychiatry
• revisited the idea that mental illness is a disease of the mind and not a possession of demons.

Question 20

Who is philippe pinel?

Answer 20

• french physician
• instrumental in making the asylum better
  
  • put empathsis on the pt.

Question 21

Who is Dorothea Dix?

Answer 21

• american philanthropist and social reformer
• advocated on behalf of hte pt
  
  • when society swept them under the rug.

Question 22

Who is Emil Kraepelin?

Answer 22

• reformulated the diagnosist system for psychiatric disease
• relatized that mental illness principally caused by bilogical and genetic factors

Question 23

Who is sigmund freud?

Answer 23

• Father of psychoanalysis
• important advances in psychology
• Concept of the unconsious and defense mechanisms.

Question 24

Who first attempted lobotomy?

Who refined the technique?

Who mass produced the procedure?

Answer 24

• Gottlieb Burchkardt (1880s)
• Antonio Egas Moniz (1935)
  
  • Nobel prize (1949)
• Waler Freeman
  
  • 3400 procedures b/t 1936-67
  • Lobotomobile

Question 25

name the five invasive techniques?

(B-MICE)

Answer 25

• Malarial therapy for general paresis of the insane/tertiary syphilis (1917)
• Barbiturate-induced Deep sleep therapy (1920)
• Insulin shock therapy (1933)
• Cardiazol shock therapy (1934)
• Electroconvulsive therapy (1938)

Question 26

What are 2 early pharmacological agents used?

Answer 26

• Opium
• Alcohol

Question 27

What drug was the first advance in therapy?

Answer 27

• Chlorpromazine

Question 28

The major psychiatric illnesses are caused by dyregulation of brain regions involved in processing what?

Answer 28

• involved in processing of
  
  • emotions
  • informations
  • memory systems

Question 29

DSM-IV

text revision

Answer 29

• sympotom oriented psychiatric care
• symptom-oriented, criterion-based approach to psychiatirc diagnosis

Question 30

What are the 9 symptoms used for DSM-IV criteria for major depressive episode

(DDDD-SAFF-R)

Answer 30

• Depressed mood
• decreased interest or pleasure
• dysregulated sleep
• decreased concentration
• significant weight change
• agitation of sluggishness
• fatigue
• feelings of worthlessness or guilt
• recurrent thoughts of death/suicide

Question 31

Define the DSM-IV axis

Answer 31

• Axis I: diagnoses of all major psychiatric disorders
• Aixs II: diagnoses of personality or developmental disorders
• Axis III: diagnoses of other medical illnesses
• Axis IV: Current stresses
• Axis V: Level of functioning

Question 32

How have advance in psychopharmacology improved the lives of individuals with mental illnesses?

Answer 32

• symptoms can be alleviated and full recovery is common.
• however, psychiatric disorders are prone to recurrence (w/o adequate treatment, they can lead to profound suffering and even death)

Question 33

What are the 3 categories for treatment of psychiatric disorders?

Answer 33

• Psychopharmacology
• Non-pharmacologic biological treatments
• psychotherapy

Question 34

Identify the psychopahrmacological groups used to treat psychiatric disorders

(MAAAP)

Answer 34

• Mood stabilizers
• antipsychotics
• anti-anxiety agents
• anti-depresseants
• Psychostimulants

Question 35

Identify the non-pharmacological biological treatments used to treat psychiatric disorders.

(VET)

Answer 35

• Vagus n stimulation
• ECT
• TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation)

Question 36

Identify the psychotheryapy used to treat psychiatric disorders.

(PIC-MF)

Answer 36

• Psychodynamic psychotherapy & psychoanalysis
• Interpersonal psychotherapy
• Cognitive behavioral therapy
• Marital therapy
• Family therapy

Question 37

Treatment for psychiatric disorders:

E-DLS

Answer 37

• Exercise
• Diet
• Light therapy
• Socialization

Question 38

What are some future directions in psychopharmacology?

Answer 38

• Restructuring research
• Genomics
• Epigenetics
  
  • attempts to silence risk genes by enhancing the methylation of gene promoters or their downstream products
  • attempts to active helpful genes by inhibiting histone deacetylase
  • preventing the formation of defective or unwanted proteins in a neuron by interfering with RNA.