10/23 Flashcards
clostridium botulinum can’t grow in food products with a pH below _____
4.6
_____ keep the oxidation chain reaction going on
a) antioxidants
b) free radicals
c) phytochemicals
d) metal ions
e) none of the above
b
_____ are molecules that protect plants from light induced damage
a) antioxidants
b) free radicals
c) phytochemicals
d) metal ions
e) none of the above
c
the amount of energy that would be produced if the body converted it to CO2 and H2O by aerobic metabolism is:
energy content of food
heat released by the burning of glucose in air is called:
heat of combustion
what do we use to measure heat of combustion?
bomb calorimeter
what are the units of heat?
- Cal
- Joule
define calorie
- heat required to heat one gram of water 1°C
how many calories in one joule?
1J = 0.239 cal
1 cal = 4.184 J
what’s a food calorie?
1000 calories or 1kcal
what must be considered when using a bomb calorimeter to determine energy contribution to the body?
- compounds have different digestibility
- when we eat, we don’t consume every part (like we don’t eat apple seeds)
how many calories per gram of organic acids?
3
how many calories per gram of polyols?
2.4
how many calories per gram of fiber?
2
why does fat have so many calories?
- loaded with C
- no water in fat to dilute its energy
- compact
1 g of fat releases 9 calories: true or false
false: it’s 9 kilcalories
what compounds are usually substituted in in calorie-reduced foods?
- alternative sweeteners
- fat replacers
what are some alternative sweeteners?
- sugar alcohols (nutritive sweeteners); incapable of being converted to fat
aspartame is not recommended for people diagnosed with _____
a) diabetes
b) heart disease
c) hypertension
d) phenylketonuria
e) all of the above
d
BV = ?
biological value - overall nitrogen retention
NPU = ?
net protein utilization
BV*digestibility factor
NPV = ?
net protein value
NPU*%protein in food
PDCAAS = ?
protein digestibility corrected amino acid score
compares the amino acid profile of a specific food protein against a standard amino acid profile with the highest possible score being 1.0
DIASS
Digestible indispensable amino acid score - determines AA digestibility at the end of the small intestine providing a more accurate measure of the amount of AA absorbed by body
legumes are deficient in the essential amino acid _____
methionine
excess consumption of fat soluble vitamins might result in toxicity symptoms. true or false?
true
