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Community Health > 10-20 Slides > Flashcards

10-20 Slides Flashcards

1
Q

Epidemiological triangle

A

Host
Agent
Environment

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2
Q

Types of host

A

Susceptible host:

Age, gender, genetics, ethnicity, immunological status, physiological state, occupation

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3
Q

Types of agent

A 
Chemical agents (drugs, toxins)
Physical agents (noise, temperature)
Infectious agents (viruses, bacteria)
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4
Q

Types of environment

A

Physical environment (geography, water/food supply, presence of reservoirs/ vectors)

Social environment (access to health care, high risk workings conditions, poverty)

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5
Q

How to assess

A 
Informal conversation 
Structured interviews 
Focus groups
Self administered questionnaires 
Tests
Observations 
Documentations 
Findings from community assessment data
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6
Q

Identifying and prioritizing learning needs

A

Mandatory
Desirable
Possible

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7
Q

Mandatory

A

Needs must be learned for survival or situations life or safety threatened

Immediate

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8
Q

Desirable

A

Not life dependent but related to overall well being

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9
Q

Possible

A

Needs for information that is nice to know but not essential

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10
Q

Readiness to learn

A 
P= physical readiness
E= emotional readiness
E= experiential readiness
K= knowledge readiness
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11
Q

Physical readiness

A

Measures ability
Complexity of task
Environmental effects
Health status

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12
Q

Emotional readiness

A 
Anxiety level
Support system 
Motivation 
Risk taking behavior 
Frame of mind 
Developmental stage
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13
Q

Experiential readiness

A 
Level of aspiration 
Past coping mechanism 
Cultural backgrounds 
Locus of control 
Self efficacy
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14
Q

Knowledge readiness

A

Present knowledge base
Cognitive ability
Learning disabilities
Learning styles

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15
Q

Learning styles

A

Visual
Auditory
Tactile-kinesthetic

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16
Q

Visual

A

Learn through “seeing”, note taking, video, presentation, pictures

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17
Q

Auditory

A

“Listening”, methods: verbal lectures, discussion, reading amount

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18
Q

Tactile-kinesthetic

A

“Doing”, methods: trial and error, hands on, return demonstration

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19
Q

What are learning domains used for

A

Can assist the nurse in planning education to achieve desired outcome

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20
Q

Types of learning domains

A

Psychomotor
Affective
Cognitive

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21
Q

Cognitive domain

A

Knowledge and understanding of facts, concepts and principles

Mental skills and knowledge

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22
Q

Psychomotor domain

A

Physical, manual skills

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23
Q

Affective domain

A

Attitude, values, and beliefs

Self

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24
Q

Behavior change theories

A

Health belief model
Pender’s health promotion model
Theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior
The trans theoretical or stages of change model
Precede and proced

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25
Q

Health belief model

A

Focus on individual beliefs about health conditions

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26
Q

What is health belief model used for

A

Predict individual health related behavior

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27
Q

Lender health promotion model

A

Multi dimensional nature of persons as they interact within their environment

(Person’s experiences and characteristics affect action)

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28
Q

Theory of reason action and theory of planned behavior

A

Beliefs and norms associated with the behavior determine attitude and willingness to change

29
Q

Trans theoretical or stage of change model

A

6 stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination

30
Q

Precede and proced

A

Assess health needs

31
Q

What is “precede and proced” useful for in changing behavior

A

Helps design, implement, and evaluate health promotion and other public health programs to meet needs

32
Q

Define primary prevention

A

Prevention of the initial occurrence of disease or injury

33
Q

Examples of primary prevention

A

Nutrition education
Family planning and sex education
Smoking cessation education (all education)
Prenatal classes
Immunization
Advocating for access to health care and health environment

34
Q

Secondary prevention define

A

Early detection and treatment of disease with the goal of limiting severity and adverse effects

35
Q

Examples of secondary prevention

A

Community assessments
Disease surveillance
Screening
Control fo outbreaks of communicable disease

36
Q

Tertiary prevention define

A

Maximization of recovery after an injury or illness (rehabilitation)

37
Q

Examples of tertiary prevention

A 
Nutrition counseling
Exercise rehabilitation
Case management 
Physical and occupational therapy
Support groups
Exercise for hypertensive clients
38
Q

I PREPARE define

A 
I= investigate
P= present work 
R= residence
E= environmental concerns
P= past work 
A= activities
R= referrals and resources
39
Q

What is IPREPARE mnemonic used for

A

This is a method used to determine current and past environmental exposure

40
Q

Investigate

A

Investigate potential exposures

41
Q

Present work

A

Exposures, use of personal protective equipment, location of material safety data sheets, taking home exposures

42
Q

Residence

A

Age of home, heating, recent remodeling, chemical storage, water

43
Q

Environmental concerns

A

Air, water, soil, industries in neighborhoods, waste site and landfill nearby

44
Q

Past work

A

Exposures, farm work, military, volunteer, seasonal, length of works

45
Q

Activities

A

Hobbies, activities, gardening, fishing, hunting, soldering, melting, burning, wasting, pesticide, alternative healing/medication

46
Q

Referrals and resources

A

Association of occupational and environmental clinical

47
Q

Possible toxins

A 
Lead
Pesticide
Mercury
Solvents
Asbestos
Radon
48
Q

Air pollution

A 
Carbon monoxide
Particulate matter
Ozone
Lead
Actors old
Nitrogen dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
Tabasco smoke
49
Q

Water pollution

A

Wastes
Erosion after mining or timbering
Run off from chemical added to the soil

50
Q

3 stages/phrases of change

A

Unfreezing
Changing
Refreezing

51
Q

Unfreezing define

A

When desire for change develops

52
Q

Changing

A

Ideas to make the change are accepted and acted upon

53
Q

Refreezing define

A

The change becomes integrated as part of regular behavior

“New status quo”

54
Q

Community assessment components

A

People
Place or environment
Social system

55
Q

Description of “people” in assessing community

A 
Demographic (distribution, mobility, density, census data)
Biological factors (health and disease status, genetics, age, gender, cause of death, race)
Social factors (occupation, marital status, education, income)
Cultural factors (roles, history, values)
56
Q

Place or environment description of community assessment

A 
Physical factors (terrain, type of community, location of health services, animal control) 
Environmental factors (geography, climate, toxic substances, vectors, pollutants)
57
Q

Social system description in assessing community

A 
Health system 
Economic system 
Education system 
Religious system 
Political system 
Welfare system 
Legal system 
Resource and services 
Transportation system
58
Q

What is community diagnosis

A

Incorporate information form the community assessment, general nursing knowledge and epidemiological concepts (concept of risk in a population)

59
Q

Community nursing diagnoses format

A

Risk of (specific problem or risk in the community) among (the specific population that is affected by the problem or risk) related to (strengths and weaknesses in the community that influence the problems or risk)

60
Q

Community health settings types

A

Home health (traditional homies, assisted living facilities, and nursing homes)
Hospice (variety—home, hospice centers, hospitals and long term care)
Occupational health nurse (all work environments)
Faith community nurse (works with a group of clients who share common faith traditions)
School nurse

61
Q

Activities done in home health settings as a community nurse

A

Educator, provider of skilled nursing intervention and coordinator of care
Skilled services
Evaluate the living environment for safety

62
Q

Hospice care setting activities as community nurse

A

Support client and family through dying process
Bereavement support

Medical care aimed toward cure is stopped
Focus= relief of pain and suffering, and enhance quality of life care for client and family

63
Q

Faith community nurse

A 
CIRCLE model of spiritual care
Caring
Intuition
Respect for religious beliefs and practices
Caution
Listening
Emotional support
64
Q

School nurse activities

A 
Case manager
Community outreach 
Consultant
Counselor
Direct caregiver
Health educator 
Researcher
65
Q

School nurse as a case manager

A

Coordinates comprehensive services for children with complex needs

66
Q

Community outreach for school nurse

A

Meet the needs of all school age children by cooperative planning and collaboration

67
Q

Consultant

A

Assist student, families, personnel in information about health and resources

68
Q

Counselor as school nurse

A

Support students on wide variety health needs

Community Health (2 decks)

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