10/20: Digestive Glands II

Question 1

Where does the pancreas fit into?

Answer 1

Lesser curvature of duodenum

Question 2

What is a pancreas a combination of functions?

Answer 2

Endocrine and exocrine

Question 3

What kind of peritoneal is a pancreas?

Answer 3

Secondary retroperitoneal organ, covered with parietal peritoneum (tail is exception, it is mesenteric)

Question 4

What does the main pancreatic duct drain into?

Answer 4

Hepatopancreatic ampulla (of Vater) into the duodenum, accessory pancreatic duct (not present in everyone) can also drain more superiorly

Question 5

What kind of blood supply does the pancreas have?

Answer 5

Dual blood supply

Question 6

What is the pancreas most supplied by?

Answer 6

celiac artery
since it’s present at the foregut/midgut divide gets some supply from superior mesenteric

Question 7

What is the pancreas a derivative of?

Answer 7

Foregut

Question 8

What is the body and tail of pancreas supplied by?

Answer 8

Splenic artery (from celiac aa)

Question 9

What is the head and neck of the pancreas supplied by?

Answer 9

Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (from celiac aa)

Question 10

What is the head and uninate process supplied by?

Answer 10

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (from superior mesenteric aa)

Question 11

What are plicae circulare?

Answer 11

Folds that lie in walls of duodenum “circular ridges,” increase surface area for absorption

Question 12

What is the major duodenal papilla?

Answer 12

Bump of mucosa where hepatopancreatic ampulla of vater (opening) will empty bile and pancreatic juices into lumen of duodenum
IN THE 2ND PART OF THE DUODENUM

Question 13

What kind of muscle is the sphincter of oddi?

Answer 13

Smooth muscle

Question 14

What is the function of the sphincter of oddi?

Answer 14

Prevents bile from continuously emptying into the duodenum, located around the major duodenal papilla

Question 15

What is the minor duodenal papilla?

Answer 15

Smaller bump of mucosa where accessory pancreatic duct will enter the lumen of duodenum (only releases pancreatic juices)

Question 16

Where is the spleen located?

Answer 16

In upper left quadrant
Posterior
(in contact with posterior diaphragm and up against greater curvature of stomach)

Question 17

What is the most lateral and posterior organ in the upper left quadrant?

Answer 17

Spleen

Question 18

What kind of organ is the spleen?

Answer 18

Mesenteric

Question 19

What does the gastrosplenic ligament contain?

Answer 19

Short gastric vessels that bridge between spleen and greater curvature of stomach

Question 20

What does the lienorenal ligament contain?

Answer 20

Splenic artery and vein
pancreas tail

Question 21

What ligaments make up the lesser omentum?

Answer 21

Hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 22

Describe the parietal peritoneum and pain

Answer 22

Very pain sensitive with somatic pain (through ventral rami)

Question 23

Describe the visceral peritoneum and pain

Answer 23

No sensation with visceral pain (backwards through sympathetics)

Question 24

Describe the nerves that innervate anterior abdominal wall and parietal peritoneum

Answer 24

Same nerves that innervate skin of anterior abdominal wall will innervate same location’s parietal peritoneum in posterior abdominal wall
ex: pancreatitis, can have visceral pain from inflamed organ but peritoneum can also become inflamed causing somatic pain

Question 25

Splenomegaly

Answer 25

enlarged spleen that becoes palpable below the costal margin (normal spleen is size of palm)

Question 26

What is a splenomegaly caused by?

Answer 26

Blood back up from liver or infections

Question 27

What is susceptible to injury?

Answer 27

Splenomegaly, can have a laceration or rupture of spleen that is a consequences from left side rib injury (car crash)

Question 28

Answer 28

A. Gallbladder
B. Portal Vein
C. Splenic vein
D. Left colonic flexure
E. Right lobe of livr
F. Inferior vena cava
G. Aorta
H. Left kidney
I. Spleen
*right of B is the pancreas
*between C & D is the stomach
*black area on right under stomach is the lesser sac