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SBOD Block 3 > 10/2 Thorax II > Flashcards

10/2 Thorax II Flashcards

1
Q

which 2 valves come into contact with deoxygenated blood

A

tricuspid (right AV valve) and pulmonary semilunar

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2
Q

which 2 valves come into contact with oxygenated blood

A

mitral and aortic semilunar

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3
Q

describe the flow or blood, from deoxygenated in the peripheral tissue to oxygenated returning to peripheral tissues

A

too long. don’t fuq it up

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4
Q

three layers of the pericardial membrane

A 
outer = fibrous pericardium
middle = parietal serous pericardium
inner = visceral serous pericardium
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5
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

outer layer of pericardial membrane
defines the borders of the middle mediastinum

attached to central tendon of diagphram via pericardiophrenic ligaments
blends superiorly with adventitia of great vessels
attached to sternum by sternoperiocardial ligaments

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6
Q

parietal serous pericardium

A

middle layer of pericardial membrane

lines inner surface of fibrous layer

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7
Q

visceral serous pericardium

A

inner layer of pericardial membrane
adheres to the surface of the heart and forms its outer covering
cannot experience pain

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8
Q

where are the parietal and visceral serous pericardia contiguous?

A

roots of the great vessels

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9
Q

pericardial cavity

A

narrow potential space between layers, normally contains serous fluid to reduce friction

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10
Q

innervation of fibrous/parietal serous

A 
GSA
phrenic nn (C3-C5)
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11
Q

innervation of visceral serous

A

GVA

fibers in autonomic nn to cardiac plexus

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12
Q

blood supply to pericardium

A

L and R periocardiocophrenic aa that travel along with the phrenic nn.

branches of the internal thoracic aa

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13
Q

pericarditis

A

painful inflammation of the pericardium

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14
Q

pericardial effusion

A

buildup of fluid (blood, pus, etc) in the pericardial cavity. can compress the heart and lead to cardiac tamponade which reduces cardiac output and is an emergency

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15
Q

referred pain of the pericardium

A

innervated by GSA C3-C5 (phrenic nn), so problems here might present as pain in those dermatomes (supraclavicular region of shoulder and lateral neck)

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16
Q

pericardiocentesis

A

removal of fluid from the pericardial cavity with an aspirating needle through the 5th intercostal space, left of the xiphisternal junction w/ help from US

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17
Q

two cardiac sinuses

A

transverse pericardial sinus

oblique pericardial sinus

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18
Q

transverse pericardial sinus

A

seperates arteries from veins, posterior to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk, anterior to the superior vena cava

can stick finger in here during surgery to seperate aa and vv

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19
Q

oblique pericardial sinus

A

formed by reflections onto the pulmonary vv of the heart, can hold heart here during surgery to stabilize it

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20
Q

weakest heart chamber

A

right atrium

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21
Q

strongest heart chamber

A

left ventricle

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22
Q

what are/function of sulci

A

contain neurovasc supply to the heart within epicardial fat

grooves on the surface that are extensions of internal partitions

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23
Q

name the three sulci

A

coronary sulcus

posterior and anterior sulcus

24
Q

coronary sulcus

A

horizontal band around heart that seperates atria and ventricles

25
Q

anterior and posterior sulci

A

verticals, mark position of interventricular septa

26
Q

borders of the heart

A

L: aortic arch, pulmonary trunk, LA, LV
R: RA, SVC, IVC
Inf: RV, LV, apex

27
Q

name the three surfaces of the heart

A

sternocostal
posterior/base
diaphragmatic/inferior

28
Q

sternocostal surface

A

anterior, just posterior to the sternum and ribs, primarily RV

29
Q

posterior surface

A

LA and RA posteriorly, the esophagus is immediatley posterior to the LA (images and linked patho), receives all venous inflow, anchored by veins

30
Q

diaphragmatic/inferior surface

A

sits on diaphragm, mostly LV

31
Q

right border relative to ribs

A

3rd to 6th ribs

32
Q

left border relative to ribs

A

2nd to 5th intercostal spaces

33
Q

apex releative to ribs

A

left 5th intercostal space

34
Q

SVC relative to ribs

A

right 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces

35
Q

pulmonary trunk relative to ribs

A

left 2nd intercostal space

36
Q

sinoatrial (SV) node

A

base of the SVC, cardiac pacemaker

origin of impulse and controler of rate/force of contraction

37
Q

atrioventricular (AV) node location

A

interatrial septum near the tricuspid valve

38
Q

Atrioventricular bundle

A

continuous with the AV node, passes through cardiac skeleton, follows interventricular septum, then splits

39
Q

right bundle branch

A

towards apex of RV, to ant papillary m, then becomes Purkinje fibers which spread throughout the ventricle

40
Q

left bundle branch

A

towards apex of LV, becomes purkinje fibers which spread throughout ventricle

41
Q

moderator band

A

causes the electrical impulse to reach the apex of the right ventricle and left ventricle simultaneously, due to the larger lumen of the right ventricle.

42
Q

purkinje fibers

A

ventricular contraction

43
Q

electrical path

A 
SA node
Atria
AV node
AV bundle
Bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
44
Q

sympathetic control of cardiac plexus

A

Sympathetic Cardiac NN (SCS T1-T5)
increase HR
increase F of contraction
dialate coronary aa

45
Q

parasympathetic control of cardiac plexus

A

Vagal Cardiac NN (Vagus N, CN X)
decrease HR
decrease F of contraction
constrict coronary aa

46
Q

motor targets of cardiac plexus

A

SA node
AV node
coronary aa

47
Q

sensory information of cardiac plexus

A

(GVA)
BP
blood chem
cardiac pain

48
Q

heart attack referred pain

A

dermatomes of GVE sympathetic innervation

T1-T4 (chest and UE)

49
Q

aortic semilunar valve

A

consists of three semilunar cusps (left, right, and posterior) whose free edges project towards the lumen of the ascending aorta (see image, upper right). The cusps form little pocket-like structures called sinuses that fill with blood after ventricular contraction and close the valves passively.

50
Q

myocardial blood supply

A

R and L coronary aa, first branches of ascending aorta, blood flows in during atrial contraction when semilunar valve is closed

51
Q

heart attack

A

when the perfusion of the myocardium is insufficient to meet its metabolic needs, resulting in permanent tissue damage. The most common cause is total occlusion of anterior interventricular artery (from left coronary a), aka “widow maker”

52
Q

Coronary dominance

A

determined by the origin of the posterior interventricular artery. Coronary circulation is considered right dominant if the PDA derives from the right coronary artery (normal pattern, ~85% of the population).

53
Q

coronary sinus

A

receives all the venous drainage from the heart except the small anterior cardiac veins and the thebesian veins, which drain directly into the heart chambers.

drains directly into the right atrium, lies in the coronary suculus on the posterior of the heart between the base and diaphragmatic surfaces

54
Q

three veins of the heart

A

great cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein
small cardiac veing

55
Q

great cardiac vein

A

travels with LAD (anterior interventricular artery) then circumflex artery

56
Q

middle cardiac vein

A

travels with PDA (posterior interventricular artery)

57
Q

small cardiac vein

A

travels with marginal a then R coronary a

SBOD Block 3 (4 decks)

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