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E-Chemistry Exam 3 > 10/08 > Flashcards

10/08 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the bond-angle formula rules for atoms?

A
  • carbon atoms are not drawn, unless trying to show something specific
  • hydrogen bonds are not drawn unless attached to Heteroatoms (P, O, N, S)
    or when showing something specific
  • heteroatoms are always drawn (N,O,S,P)
  • Halogen atoms are always drawn

If Not carbon, you have to draw it

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2
Q

what are the bond-angle formula rules for bonds?

A
  • all bonds between carbons are drawn
  • next bond “angles” away from previous bond
  • bonds between carbon and heteroatoms may or may not be drawn. Ex: drawn when part of a ring or chain, may not drawn when attached to a chain or ring
  • bonds between heteroatoms and hydrogens may be drawn
  • lone pair electrons are not drawn unless showing something specific
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3
Q

what does R mean?

A

an undefined carbon atom. Not important

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4
Q

for heteroatoms and hallogens, the remaining valence is made of

A

lone pair electrons (assumed and never drawn in)

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5
Q

what element is there when the line just stops

A

Carbon ( and 3H)

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6
Q

we assume that the valence in a carbon is made of

A

hydrogen atoms

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7
Q

what is a condensed group?

A

a condensed functional group

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8
Q

formal charge formula:

A

valence-lonepair-1/2bond

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9
Q

Formal Charges for C, N, O, X (pic)

A
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10
Q

Molecular Formula Letter ranking

A

C H X N O S

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11
Q

Condensed Group examples: PIC

A
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12
Q

C-C Functional Group

A

Alkane

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13
Q

C=C

A

Alkene

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14
Q

C triple bond C

A

Alkyne

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15
Q

C-X

A

Halides

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16
Q

C-OH

A

Alcohol

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17
Q

C-O-C

A

Ethers

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18
Q

C-SH

A

Thiol

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19
Q

C-S-R or C-S-C

A

Sulfide

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20
Q

C-N

A

Amines

21
Q

C=O not a stand alone. Found in aldehydes, ketones, esters, amides, carboxylic acid

A

Carbonyl

22
Q
A

Aldehydes (carbonyl attached to a carbon and hydrogen)

23
Q
A

Ketones (carbonyl attached to 2 carbon atoms)

24
Q
A

Esters (carbonyl attached to carbon and ether)

25
Q
A

Amide (carbonyl attached to carbon and amine)

26
Q
A

Carboxylic acid (carbonyl attached to a carbon and alcohol)

27
Q

what is the parent chain?

A

the longest chain of carbons containing the highest priority functional group

28
Q

what is a substituent?

A

anything that attaches to the parent chain

29
Q

what is the goal when numbering the atoms in the parent chain?

A

ensure the highest priority group substituent has the lowest possible number. When there are multiple substituents with similar priorities, ensure the lowest possible number on both

30
Q

what are the two types of stereocenters?

A

tetrahedral carbons- carbon with 4 different groups attached to it
alkenes- things with a double bond

31
Q

how to name an organic compound

A

(stereochemistry) (substituents in alphabetical order) (parent chain)

32
Q

when you number things, we keep rings and chains _____

A

separate. if a chain attaches to a ring, the carbon belongs to the ring

33
Q

what do you add the to beginning of the name if the parent chain is a ring?

A

cyclo

34
Q

what are the systematic prefixes for carbon numbers?

A

1-meth
2-eth
3-prop
4-but
5-pent
6-hex
7-hept
8-oct
9-non
10-dec
11-undec
12-dodec

35
Q

Suffixes for: (parent chain)
Alkanes: ___________
Alkenes: ___________
Alkynes: ___________

A

-ane
-ene
-yne

36
Q

what is the parent chain prioritization?

A

alkenes
alkynes
alkanes

37
Q

what is octanol?

A

an 8 chain alcohol. this mirrors the BBB

38
Q

alkynes are weird in that they don’t always ____

A

bend, they are linear in nature

39
Q

how to identify substituents

A

count the number of carbons and use previous prefixes.
add substituent suffixes

40
Q

what is the suffix for an alkane substituent?

A

-yl

41
Q

what is the suffix for a alkene substituent?n

A

-enyl

42
Q

what is the suffix for an alkyne substituent?

A

-ylyl

43
Q

what are the special substituents?

A

isopropyl
t-butyl
sec-butyl
isobutyl

44
Q

what is this?

A

isopropyl

45
Q

what is this?

A

T-butyl

46
Q

what is this?

A

secbutyl

47
Q

what is this?

A

isobutyl

48
Q

if there are multiple substituents of the same type, use which prefixes?

A

2-di
3-tri
4-tetra
5-penta
6-hexa
7-hepta

49
Q

What direction do you number from?

A

Right to left!

E-Chemistry Exam 3 (4 decks)

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