1 - Zill - Muscles / Structures on Practical Flashcards
Superficial Group
Origin - Vertebrae
Insert - Scapula, Clavicle, Humerus
Muscles:
Trapezius (traps)
Latissimus Dorsi (lats)
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid Minor
Rhomboid Major
Muscle - Trapezius
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Trapezius
Origin
- Skull (external occipital protuberance)
- Fascia - Ligamentum nuchae
- Vertebrae - spines C7, T1-T12
Insertion
- Clavicle - lateral 1/3
- Scapula - Acromion and Spine
Action
- Elevates / Depresses Shoulder
- Retracts scapula
- Extends head
Nerve - Accessory Never (Cranial Nerve XI)
Muscle - Latissumus Dorsi
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Latissumus Dorsi (lats)
Origin
- Vertebrae - Spines of T6 - T12
- Fascia - Thoracolumbar fascia
- Pelvic Bone - Iliac Crest
Insertion - Humerus (intertubercular groove)
Action
- Adducts
- Extends
- Medial Rotate arm
Nerve - Thoracodorsal Nerve
Muscle - Levator Scapulae
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Levator Scapulae
Origin - Vertebrae - Transverse processes of C1 - C4
Insertion - Scapular - Superior angle and medial border
Action
- Elevate scapula
- Adduct scapula
Nerve - Dorsal scapular nerve
Muscle - Rhomboid Minor
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Rhomboid Minor
Origin - Vertebrae - Spines of C7, T1
Insertion- Scapula - Medial Border
Action - Elevates/Adducts Scapula
Nerve - Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Muscle - Rhomboid Major
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Rhomboid Major
Origin - Vertebrae - Spines T2 - T5
Insertion - Scapular - Medial border to inferior angle
Action - Elevates/Adducts Scapula
Nerve - Dorsal scapular nerve
Intermediate Group
Respiration
All Origin - Vertebrae
All Insert - Ribs
Muscle - Levatores Costarum
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Levatores Costarum
Origin - Vertebrae - Transverse processes of C7, T1-T11
Insertion - Ribs - Inferior to origin
Action - Raise ribs inspiration
Nerve - Dorsal rami of thoracic spinal nerves
Muscle - Serratus Posterior Superior
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Serratus Posterior Superior
Origin - Vertebrae - Spines of Cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae
Insertion - Ribs
Action - Raise ribs in inspiration
Nerve - Intercostal nerves
Muscle - Serratus Posterior
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Serratus Posterior
Origin - Spines of upper 2 lumbar and lower 2 thoracic vertebrae
Insertion - Ribs
Action - Lower ribs in expiration
Nerve - Intercostal nerves
Muscle - Splenius
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Splenius
Origin - Vertebrae - Spines T1 - T4
Insertion
- Splenius Capitis to Skull - Occipital and temporal bones
- Splenius Cervicis to Vertebrae - Transverse processes of C2 - C3
Action - Extend neck and head (rotate in unilateral direction)
Nerve - Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Muscle - Erector Spinae
- Iliocostalis
- Longissimus
- Spinalis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Erector Spinae
- Iliocostalis
- Longissimus
- Spinalis
Origin
- Iliocostalis - Ilium and ribs
- Longissimus - Tranverse processes of vertebrae
- Spinalis - Spinous processes
Insertion
- Iliocostalis - Ribs and transverse processes
- Longissimus - Transverse processes of vertebrae
- Spinalis - Spinous processes
Action - Extend trunk and vertebral column
Nerve - Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Muscle - Erector Spinae
- Semispinalis
- Multifidus
- Rotatores
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Erector Spinae
- Semispinalis
- Multifidus
- Rotatores
Origin - Transverse processes of vertebrae
Insertion - Spines of vertebrae superior to origin
- Semispinalis - extend 5-6 vertebrae
- Multifidus - extend 3-4 vertebrae
- Rotatores - extend 1-2 vertebrae
Action - Extend trunk in bilateral direction, rotate vertebral column in unilateral action
Nerve - Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Muscle - Pectoralis Major
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Pectoralis Major
Origin
- Clavicular Head - medial half of clavicle
- Sternocostal Head - sternum and upper six costal cartilages
Insertion - Lateral lip of bicipital groove (intertubercular sulcus)
Action - Adducts, medially rotates and flexes the arm
Nerve - Medial and Lateral pectoral nerves
Muscle - Pectoralis Minor
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Pectoralis Minor
Origin - 3rd to 5th ribs near cartilages
Insertion - Coracoid process of scapula
Action - Stabilizes scapula
Nerve - Medial pectoral
Muscle - Serratus Anterior
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Serratus Anterior
Origin - Upper 8 ribs
Insertion - Medial (vertebral) border of scapula
Action
- Rotates scapula
- Draws scapula forward around thoracic wall (protraction)
- Holds scapula against thoracic wall
Nerve - Long Thoracic (S.A.L.T.)
Muscle - Subclavius
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Subclavius
Origin - 1st Costal Cartilage
Insertion - Clavicle
Action - Anchors and depresses clavicle during upper limb movements
Nerve - Nerve to subclavius
Muscles of Pectoral Region
Pec. Major, Pec Minor, Serratus Ant., Subclavius
Rotator Cuff Muscles
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Muscle - Deltoid
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Deltoid
Origin - Lateral clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula
Insertion - Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action
- Anterior: Flexes and medially rotates arm
- Middle: Abducts arm
- Posterior: Extends and laterally rotates arm
Nerve - Axillary
Muscle - Supraspinatus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Supraspinatus
Origin - Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion - Humerus (greater tubercle)
Action - Initiates abduction of arm, stabilizes shoulder joint
Nerve - Suprascapular
Rotator Cuff Muscle
Muscle - Infraspinatus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Infraspinatus
Origin - Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion - Humerus (greater tubercle)
Action - Laterally rotates arm, stabilize shoulder joint
Nerve - Suprascapular
Rotator Cuff
Muscle - Teres minor
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Teres minor
Origin - Lateral border of scapula
Insertion - Humerus (greater tubercle)
Action - Laterally rotates arm, stabilizes shoulder joint
Nerve - Axillary
Rotator Cuff
Muscle - Subscapularis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Subscapularis
Origin - Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion - Humerus (lesser tubercle)
Action - Medially rotates arm, stabilizes shoulder joint
Nerve - Upper and lower subscapular
Rotator Cuff
Muscle - Teres Major
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Teres Major
Origin - Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion - Medial lip of the interubercular groove of humerus
Action - Medially rotates and adducts arm
Nerve - Lower subscapular
Mucles of the arms
Biceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Triceps Brachii
Muscle - Biceps Brachii
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Biceps Brachii
Origin
- Short: Coracoid Process
- Long: Supraglenoid Tubercle
Insertion - Radial tuberosity
Action
- Flexor of forearm at elbow joint
- Supinator of forearm
- Weak flex arm at glenohumral joint
Nerve - Musculocutaneous
Muscle - Coracobrachialis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Coracobrachialis
Origin - Coracoid process
Insertion - Mid-shaft humerus
Action - Flexion of arm at gelnohumeral (shoulder) joint
Nerve - Musculocutaneous
Muscle - Brachialis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Brachialis
Origin - Anterior Humerus
Insertion - Ulnar tuberosity
Action - Flexes forearm
Nerve - Musculocutaneous
Muscle - Triceps Brachii
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Triceps Brachii
Origin
- Long Head: Infraglenoid Tubercle
- Lateral Head: Posterior lateral surface of humerus
- Medial Head: Posterior medial surface of humerus
Insertion - Olecranon of ulna
Action - Extendw forearm
Nerve - Radial
Anterior Forearm Muscles (superficial)
Pronator Teres (two heads - humeral / ulnar)
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus (variable)
Flexor carpi ulnaris (two heads - humeral / ulnar)
All Median Nerve, except Flexor carpi ulnaris
Muscle - Pronator Teres
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Pronator Teres
Origin
- Humeral Head: Medial epicondyle of humerus
- Ulnar Head: Coronoid process of ulna
Insertion - Midshaft radius
Action - Pronates forearm
Nerve - Median
Muscle - Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Action - Flexes and abducts hand at wrist joint
Nerve - Median Nerve
Muscle - Palmar Longus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Palmar Longus
Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Palmar aponeurosis
Action - Flexes the wrist
Nerve - Median
Variable structure
Muscle - Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin
- Humeral: Medial epicondyle of humerus
- Ulnar: Olecranon of Ulna
Insertion - Pisiform, hook of hamate, and 5th metacarpal
Action - Flexes and adducts (ulnar deviates) hand at write
Nerve - Ulnar
Muscles of Anterior Forearm - Intermediate Group
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (Two heads - Humeroulnar / Radial)
Muscle - Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origin
- Humeroulnar: Medial epicondyle of humerus + coronoid process
- Radial: Radius
Insertion - Sides of middle phalanx of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th digits by tendon that splits into two slips
Action - Flexes hand at wrist and digits 2-5 at metacarpophalangeal (MP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints
Nerve - Median
Deep Group muscles of Anterior Forearm
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Pronator Quadratus
Muscle - Flexor Pollicis Longus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Flexor Pollicis Longus
Origin - Radius and Int. Membrane
Insertion - Distal phalanx of thumb
Action - Flexes metacapophalangeal joint and interphalangeal joint of thumb
Nerve - Median
Muscle - Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origin - Ulna and Int. Membrane
Insertion - Distal phalanges of 2-5, Each tendon passes through bifurcation of tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis
Action - Flexes hand at wrist and metacarpophalangeal (MP) and distal interphalandeal (DIP) joints of digits 2-5
Nerve - Lateral half by median nerve, Medial half by ulnar nerve
Muscle - Pronator Quadratus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Pronator Quadratus
Origin - Distal Ulna
Insertion - Distal Radius
Action - Pronation
Nerve - Median
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm:
Common nerve?
Majority of action?
Common Nerve: Radial
Most Action: Extend digits + other actions
Muscle - Brachioradialis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Brachioradialis
Origin - Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion - Distal radius
Action - Flexes forearm when forearm in mid-prone position
Nerve - Radial
Muscle - Extensor carpi radialis longus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Extensor carpi radialis longus
Origin - Lateral supracondylar ridge of huerus
Insertion - Base of 2nd metacarpal
Action - Extends and abducts (radially deviates) the wrist
Nerve - Radial
Muscle - Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin - Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Base of 2-3 metacarpal
Action - Extends and abducts (radially deviates) the wrist
Nerve - Radial
Muscle - Extensor Digitorum
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Extensor Digitorum
Origin - Lateral humeral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Middle and distal phalanges of 2-5 digits via extensor expansions
Action - Extends digits 2-5 at MP, POP, and DIP joints, and extends hand at wrist
Nerve - Radial
Muscle - Extensor Digiti Minimi
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Extensor Digiti Minimi
Origin - lateral humeral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Extensor hood of 5th digit
Action - Extends 5th digit
Nerve - Radial
Muscle - Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin - Lateral humeral epicondyle
Insertion - Base of 5th metacarpal
Action - Extends and Adducts (ulnar deviates) wrist
Nerve - Radial
Muscle - Anconeus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Anconeus
Origin - Lateral humeral epicondyle
Insertion - Olecranon of Ulna
Action - Accessory extensor of elbow (assists triceps), abducts ulna during pronation
Nerve - Radial
Muscle - Supinator
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Supinator
Origin - Lateral humeral epicondyle and supinator crest of ulna
Insertion - Lateral upper radius
Action - Supinates forearm and hand
Nerve - Radial
Muscle - Abductor pollicis longus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Abductor pollicis longus
Origin - Radius, Ulna, int. membrane,
Insertion - Base of 1st metacarpal
Action - Abducts thumb
Nerve - Radial
Muscle - Extensor pollicis brevis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Extensor pollicis brevis
Origin - Radius and int. membrane
Insertion - Proximal phalanx of thumb
Action - Extends proximal phalanx of thumb
Nerve - Radial
Muscle - Extensor pollicis longus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Extensor pollicis longus
Origin - Ulna and int. membrane
Insertion - Distal phalanx of thumb
Action - Extends distal phalanx of thumb
Nerve - Radial
Muscle - Extensor indicis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Muscle - Extensor indicis
Origin - Ulna and int. membrane
Insertion - Extensor hood of index finger
Action - Extends 2nd digit
Nerve - Radial
