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Germany - 2. Golden Years of the Weimar Republic > 1. What were the Golden Years? > Flashcards

1. What were the Golden Years? Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the chancellor during the Golden Years?

A

Gustav Stresemann

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2
Q

What did Gustav Stresemann stabilise when he came into power?

A

The German economy

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3
Q

Where did Gustav Stresemann get the French to leave in April 1924?

A

The Ruhr

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4
Q

What Pact allowed Germany to return to the world stage after setbacks from the ToV?

A

The Locarno Pact of 1925

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5
Q

Who did Gustav Stresemann cooperate with to stabilise the German economy?

A

USA and UK

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6
Q

What party did Gustav Stresemann represent?

A

DVP

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7
Q

Beliefs of DVP

A

Conservative and authoritarian

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8
Q

What did Gustav Stresemann strongly believe in?

A

Cooperation between other countries and between political parties of Germany

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9
Q

How many days was Gustav Stresemann the chancellor of Weimar Germany? During what period?

A

103 days during the grand coalition

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10
Q

After being chancellor, what did Gustav Stresemann become?

A

The Foreign Minister

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11
Q

What is the foreign minister responsible for?

A

International cooperation

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12
Q

What did Gustav Stresemann control by November 1923?

A

Inflation

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13
Q

Gustav Stresemann’s economic strategies (3)

A

End of passive resistance
Change currency
Cut government expenditure

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14
Q

What was called off in September 1923?

A

The passive resistance against the occupation of the Ruhr

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15
Q

Passive resistance

A

Non-violent opposition to authority, especially a refusal to cooperate with legal requirements

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16
Q

What did the ending of passive resistance against the occupation of Ruhr lead to?

A

The Munich Putsch

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17
Q

Example of a welfare reform which helped Gustav Stresemann to cut government expenditure

A

Government no longer had to pay wages of workers who were on strike

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18
Q

Result of Gustav Stresemann calling off the 1923 Ruhr strike

A

Meant he had to start paying reparations again

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19
Q

What did the Dawes Plan allow Germany to do?

A

Take longer to make payments

20
Q

What did the Young Plan do?

A

Reduced Germany’s ToV payments

21
Q

When was the Dawes Plan introduced?

A

1924

22
Q

When was the Young Plan introduced?

A

1929

23
Q

Parities involved in the 1923 Grand Coalition

A

Moderately pro-democracy parities:
-SPD
-Centre Party
-DVP

24
Q

What was passed in August 1923 which gave the Great Coalition powers?

A

Emergency Decree

25
Q

What powers did the Grand Coalition receive by receiving emergency decree?

A

Powers of postponing Reichstag meetings and governing by force if necessary

26
Q

What process did emergency decrees avoid?

A

The slow process of decision making in the Reichstag

27
Q

Political aims of the Grand Coalition

A

Stabilise political and economic life

28
Q

How did the Grand Coalition go about stabilising political and economic life? (Three ways)

A

Stabilising currency
Bringing inflation under control
Seeing off threats from right and left

29
Q

Economic problems Stresemann had to solve (6)

A

Worthless currency
Germany’s international isolation
Small businesses collapsing
Heavy tariffs on goods
Small farmers heavily in debt
High government spending

30
Q

How did Stresemann go about solving the problem of a worthless currency?

A

He changed the currency
Kept tight control over amount of money circulating

31
Q

What did Stresemann change the currency to?

A

Reichmark

32
Q

Evidence of Stresemann’s success at policy of solving worthless currency

A

Inflation quickly brought under control
Prices settled

33
Q

Evidence of failure of Stresemann’s policy to solve worthless currency

A

People who had lost savings due to hyperinflation weren’t compensated so they blamed Weimar Government for this

34
Q

What did Stresemann do to solve Germany’s international isolation?

A

Stresemann asked Allies’ Reparations Committee to set up committee of financial experts to help manage Germany’s repayments. Resulted in Dawes and Young Plan

35
Q

Evidence of success of Stresemann’s policy to solve Germany’s international isolation (2)

A

Allies granted loans to Germany
French gradually left Ruhr

36
Q

Evidence of failure of Stresemann’s policy to solve Germany’s international isolation

A

Made German economy fragile to changes in US economy
Unemployment remained high

37
Q

What policy did Stresemann introduce to solve the problem of small businesses collapsing?

A

Recovery of business policy which encouraged businesses to join together to try and control the market

38
Q

Evidence of success of Stresemann’s policy to improved problem of small businesses collapsing

A

German exports rise
Germany’s industry rebooted

39
Q

Evidence of failure of Stresemann’s policy to improved problem of small businesses collapsing

A

Significant levels of dispute between business owners and workers

40
Q

What did Stresemann do to improve problem of heavy tariffs placed on German goods?

A

Advances made in chemical, car and aeroplane industries
Foreign loans helped to finance building of houses, schools, and public spaces

41
Q

Evidence of success of Stresemann’s policies to help improve problem of heavy tariffs placed on German goods

A

German exports went back to 1913 levels
German exports rose by 40% between 1925-29
Living standards and wages rose

42
Q

What did Stresemann do to improve the problem of small farmers often being heavily in debt?

A

Made it easier for farmers to borrow money

43
Q

Who was able to benefit from Stresemann’s improvements to small farmers often being heavily in debt?

A

Large landowners as they could afford heavy machinery for efficient production

44
Q

Evidence of failure of Stresmann’s improvements to small farmers often being heavily in debt

A

Late 1920s income of farmers 44% below average income
“Farmer’s revenge” where farmers rioted as debts continued

45
Q

What did Stresemann do to solve problem of high government spending?

A

Raised taxes and cut spending

46
Q

German peoples’ reaction to raised taxes

A

Germans didn’t accept tax raises meaning government had to borrow more money to make up for short-fall

Germany - 2. Golden Years of the Weimar Republic (9 decks)

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