1. What was the nature of civil society resistance after the 1960s?

Question 1

IN THE 1950S AND 1960s apartheid was _______ in South Africa and those who resisted apartheid were ruthlessly _________.

Answer 1

entrenched

suppressed.

Question 2

What were the four main events/reasons that caused ‘little hope for change’? (4)

Answer 2

• The Sharpeville Massacre (1960).
• The Rivonia Trial (1964).
• The imprisonment of anti-apartheid leaders.
• The banning of organizations such as the ANC and PAC.

Question 3

How was opposition to apartheid treated? (2)

Answer 3

It was driven underground and into exile.

Question 4

What was one of the newer forms of civil resistance to apartheid?

Answer 4

The Soweto uprising, 1976, was the most striking example of this resistance.

Question 5

What influenced the Soweto Uprising?

Answer 5

It was at least in part influenced by the rise of Black Consciousness: ideas promoted by a group of black students led by Steve Biko.

Question 6

How was the idea of Black consciousness influenced?

Answer 6

The idea of of Black Consciousness was influenced by the Black Power Movement in the USA and encouraged a new sense of black pride and assertiveness.

Question 7

When did the government tried to make some reforms to the apartheid system which was clearly not working.

Answer 7

In the 1980s.

Question 8

Civil resistance continued to ____, especially in the workplace where it was led by _____ ______.

Answer 8

grow

trade unions

Question 9

What led Civil resistance in wider communities? (2)

Answer 9

• civic organisations

- anti-apartheid movements

Question 10

When was the United Democratic Front (UDF) formed?

Answer 10

In 1983

Question 11

By the mid - 1980s the government was clearly losing ______ and it declared a state of _________.

Answer 11

control

emergency

Question 12

What was the international response by some outside countries?

Answer 12

• Increased pressure on the apartheid state.

- News of the protests inside the country led to greater international support of organisations such as the ANC.

Question 13

What did the international anti-apartheid movement do to combat apartheid?

Answer 13

• organised campaigns against trade and investment
• boycotts against sporting and cultural contacts
• demand for the release of Nelson Mandela

Question 14

True or false, By the late 1980s these boycotts were having an effect on Western governments which had previously supported South Africa in the Cold War era, such as the USA and Britain.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What was the result of the collapse of colonial rule in neighbouring states?

Answer 15

The collapse of colonial rule in neighbouring states in Southern Africa, such as Mozambique, Angola and Zimbabwe, added to the pressure.