1: Vasculature of Brain Flashcards

1
Q

List the major vessels of the brain and their principal branches. (3 major vessels, 9 principal branches)

A

POSTERIOR CIRCULATION (5)

  • Vertebral arteries
    • Anterior spinal artery
    • Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICA)
  • Basilar artery (from two vertebrals)
    • Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICA)
    • Superior cerebellar arteries
    • Posterior cerebral arteries

ANTERIOR CIRCULATION (7)

  • Internal carotid arteries
    • Ophthalmic branch: follows optic nerve
    • Anterior choroidal artery: follows optic tract
    • Posterior communicating arteries: connect posterior and anterior circulations
    • Middle cerebral arteries
    • Anterior cerebral arteries
      • Anterior communicating artery: interconnects two anterior cerebral arteries
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2
Q

Describe the various ways in which blood may circumvent obstruction of a major cerebral artery.

A

Circle of Willis is a prominent anastomotic pathway

-Can generally tolerate occlusion of one major branch if it occurs slowly

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3
Q

Discuss the concept of a watershed within the arterial system.

A

Watershed: the area in between the blood vessel distributions

Particularly vulnerable to damage by low blood pressure/cardiac arrest

Result of damage -> linear infarcts in the border zone between blood vessels

-Appear wedge-like axially

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4
Q

List the major arteries that supply the spinal cord and what areas they supply. How are they replenished as they continue down the spinal cord? Which “replenisher” is most notable?

A

Anterior spinal artery: largest, runs in ventral midline

-Supplies anterior 2/3 of spinal cord

Posterior spinal arteries (2): smaller

-Supply posterior 1/3 of spinal cord

Replenished by radicular branches from segmental arteries every 4-6 spinal segments

-Largest = artery of Adamkiewicz in lower thoracic region (vital to this region)

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5
Q

What artery supplies this area of the caudal medulla?

A

Posterior spinal artery

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6
Q

What artery supplies this area of the caudal medulla?

A

PICA

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7
Q

What artery supplies this area of the caudal medulla?

A

Vertebral artery

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8
Q

What artery supplies this area of the caudal medulla?

A

Anterior spinal artery

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9
Q

What artery supplies this area of the upper medulla?

A

PICA

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10
Q

What artery supplies this area of the upper medulla?

A

Vertebral artery

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11
Q

What artery supplies this area of the upper medulla?

A

Anterior spinal artery

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12
Q

What artery supplies this area of the middle pons?

A

AICA

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13
Q

What artery supplies this area of the middle pons?

A

Basilar artery

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14
Q

What artery supplies this area of the midbrain?

A

Posterior cerebral artery and superior cerebellar artery

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15
Q

What artery supplies this area of the midbrain?

A

Basilar artery

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16
Q

What artery supplies this distribution area?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

17
Q

What artery supplies this distribution area?

A

Middle cerebral artery

18
Q

What artery supplies this distribution area?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

19
Q

What artery supplies this distribution area?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

20
Q

What artery supplies this distribution area?

A

Middle cerebral artery

21
Q

What artery supplies this distribution area?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

22
Q

What are these arteries called? From which artery do they branch? What causes damage to these arteries, and what results?

A

Lenticulostriate arteries

From middle cerebral artery

Damage caused by age, stimulant abuse, diabetes, HTN

Result (these are end arteries) -> small, deep strokes; deep brain hemorrhages

23
Q

What are bridging veins?

A

Veins that go from the cortex into the sinus

If torn, -> subdural hematomas

24
Q

What sinus is this?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

25
What sinus is this?
Confluence of sinuses
26
What sinus is this?
Transverse sinus
27
What sinus is this?
Inferior sagittal sinus
28
What sinus is this?
Straight sinus
29
What sinus is this?
Sigmoid sinus (-\> IJV)
30
What sinus is this?
Cavernous sinus
31
What vein is this?
Internal jugular vein
32
What vein is this?
Great cerebral vein
33
What sinus is this?
Petrosal sinus