1) Towards Chartism Flashcards
What was the overall effect of the GRA?
To join the shopocrats and the whiggocrats in the mutual cause of quelling the rising spirit of democracy,
Who did the act favour?
People who owned property
Which association did Lovett form?
London Working Men’s association in 1836
Wo did the LWMA help to elect in 1838
O’Connell and Roebuck
What was the LWMA after?
- Equal representation
- Universal manhood suffrage
- Annual parliamentary elections
- Removal of property qualifications for MPs.
- Secret Ballots.
- Payment of MPs
Name three types of people who were typically involved in Chartism in large numbers
- Women
- Irish
- Middle class
Name another association
Birmingham Charter Association
What was the divide between two types of chartist
-Moral
-Physical
force chartism
When was the Chartist’s first national convention
1839
Who were after the use of pamphlets and petitions?
Lovett and Atwood.
Who wanted to loom the threat of armed revolution and strikes?
O’Connor, O’Brien and Harney
How much higher than 1819 were the wheat prices in 38?
64%
What was the reason for this?
Bad harvests from 38 to 41
When was the peak of the chartist movement
41-42, coinciding with high unemployment
When was the irish potato famine?
40s
What happened in the 50s when the economy improved?
Many left for New Model Unions
What other factor was there?
Industrialisation- economic exploitation and rapid change
Where were the regional concentrations of chartism and what does this coincide with?
-West riding
-South Lancashire
Both underwent rapid industrialisaiton
Chartists concentrated in industrial cities
What were most female chartists employed in?
Textiles
Where was Chartism almost non-existent?
Rural lancashire
Which economic policy were they unhappy with?
Laissez-faire policies
Brindle and Padiham were notable for what?
Militant radicalism
What contradicts this argument?
North-East England and West Scotland had strong ship-building industry which means it was not all economic
Who were two main influences of political chartism?
- Wollstonecraft and Paine
- Natural rights and emancipation
Who attempted to start a Female chartist Association
- Susanna Ingre
- Mary Ann walker
Which 3 publications aided this movement?
- Poor man’s guardian
- The Northern Star
- The gauntlet
Who wrote ‘The rights of women’
RJ Richardson
What was the circulation of the northern star?
30,000
What was the National Convention?
- Equal representation and democracy
- Central and organised election of delegates that was the opposite of Luddism and Swing Riots
Which 1934 act was Chartism protesting
1934 Poor Law Amendment Act
How can you sum up political motivation at this time?
- Economic grievances expressed politically
- Opposed to Economic policies of Whigs.
Name one Chartist Rally
Glasgow green May 1838, 150,000 attendents
Henry Hunt
How many of Sheffield’s councillors were chartists in 1849?
22
It could also be argued that despite economic impetus…
Consensus that political change was needed.
How can you link the political ad economic issues?
Both aspects informed and relied upon the other, feeding in the aristocratic hegemony that people were so frustrated with.
When did Chartism peter out?
1850
Which term defines the economic motivation of Chartism?
‘Hunger politics’
Was the main issue of Chartism
Moral and physical force Chartism- lack of cohesion
What happened to O’Connor
Failed to galvanise the movement with middle class support
What happened to Lovett?
Abandoned the movement after serving his time in prison- aims too ambitious
Which Gov legislation undermined the Chartist movement?
1846 repeal of the corn laws
1847 Ten hours act
Give an example of the Gov using military force to deal with an uprising
Newport Uprisings
What did gov do after the 1848 petition?
Drafted 8000 soldiers and 150,000 special constables
