1) Topography of the Nervous System

Question 1

What are the functions of the cerebrum? (general)

Answer 1

Higher cognitive functions, lobes each have specific functions

Question 2

What are the functions of the cerebellum? (general)

Answer 2

Co-ordination and cognitive function

Question 3

What are the functions of the midbrain?

Answer 3

Eye movements, primitive aspects of hearing and vision

Question 4

What are the functions of the pons?

Answer 4

Feeding (pattern generator for chewing), hearing and balance

Question 5

What are the functions of the medulla?

Answer 5

Regulation of autonomic function and automatic behaviours of the brain (diaphragm, CVS)

Question 6

What are the functions of the spinal cord?

Answer 6

Transmission of info to PNS, reflexes

Question 7

Describe the immune system of the CNS:

Answer 7

There are microglia, but overall is dampened to stop inflammation which could cause brain swelling

Question 8

What is the functions of the glymphatic system and where is it found?

Answer 8

Found in the CNS, clears debris and denatured proteins

Question 9

Describe the features of the surface of the brain:

Answer 9

Raised areas called gyri and depressions called sulci

Question 10

What lies either side of the central sulcus?

Answer 10

Anterior is pre-central gyrus (motor cortex)

Posterior is post-central gyrus (primary sensory cortex)

Question 11

What does the lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure) separate?

Answer 11

Frontal and parietal lobes from temporal lobe

Question 12

What does the great longitudinal fissure separate?

Answer 12

Central hemispheres

Question 13

Where is the uncus found and what are the consequences of its herniation?

Answer 13

Medial part of temporal lobe

Compression of midbrain and CN III palsy

Question 14

Where is the cingulate gyrus found?

Answer 14

Above the corpus callosum

Question 15

Where is the calcarine sulcus found?

Answer 15

In the occipital lobe where the primary visual cortex is

Question 16

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 16

White matter connecting cerebral hemispheres

Question 17

Describe the pia mater:

Answer 17

Envelops the surface of the brain and cord providing chemical and viral protection

Question 18

Describe the arachnoid mater:

Answer 18

Envelops CNS superficially and is loosely adhered

Question 19

Describe the dura mater:

Answer 19

Has periosteal and meningeal layers which separate at certain points to form dural venous sinuses
Periosteal layer leaves by foramen magnum and continues of skull surface as periosteum

Question 20

What are the functions of the CSF?

Answer 20

Protection from movement, nutrition (glucose), renders brain weightless

Question 21

What structure separates the lateral ventricles?

Answer 21

Septum pellucidum

Question 22

Describe the path of CSF from production:

Answer 22

Produced in lateral ventricles by choroid plexus cells. Moves into third ventricle then through cerebral aqueduct to 4th ventricle and then into sub-arachnoid space