1) Topography of the Nervous System Flashcards
What are the functions of the cerebrum? (general)
Higher cognitive functions, lobes each have specific functions
What are the functions of the cerebellum? (general)
Co-ordination and cognitive function
What are the functions of the midbrain?
Eye movements, primitive aspects of hearing and vision
What are the functions of the pons?
Feeding (pattern generator for chewing), hearing and balance
What are the functions of the medulla?
Regulation of autonomic function and automatic behaviours of the brain (diaphragm, CVS)
What are the functions of the spinal cord?
Transmission of info to PNS, reflexes
Describe the immune system of the CNS:
There are microglia, but overall is dampened to stop inflammation which could cause brain swelling
What is the functions of the glymphatic system and where is it found?
Found in the CNS, clears debris and denatured proteins
Describe the features of the surface of the brain:
Raised areas called gyri and depressions called sulci
What lies either side of the central sulcus?
Anterior is pre-central gyrus (motor cortex)
Posterior is post-central gyrus (primary sensory cortex)
What does the lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure) separate?
Frontal and parietal lobes from temporal lobe
What does the great longitudinal fissure separate?
Central hemispheres
Where is the uncus found and what are the consequences of its herniation?
Medial part of temporal lobe
Compression of midbrain and CN III palsy
Where is the cingulate gyrus found?
Above the corpus callosum
Where is the calcarine sulcus found?
In the occipital lobe where the primary visual cortex is
What is the corpus callosum?
White matter connecting cerebral hemispheres
Describe the pia mater:
Envelops the surface of the brain and cord providing chemical and viral protection
Describe the arachnoid mater:
Envelops CNS superficially and is loosely adhered
Describe the dura mater:
Has periosteal and meningeal layers which separate at certain points to form dural venous sinuses
Periosteal layer leaves by foramen magnum and continues of skull surface as periosteum
What are the functions of the CSF?
Protection from movement, nutrition (glucose), renders brain weightless
What structure separates the lateral ventricles?
Septum pellucidum
Describe the path of CSF from production:
Produced in lateral ventricles by choroid plexus cells. Moves into third ventricle then through cerebral aqueduct to 4th ventricle and then into sub-arachnoid space
