1. The Restoration of Anglicanism in 1660-62 and its dominant position in religious life Flashcards

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1
Q

What did fear of chaos and disorder lead to in 1660?

A

The Convention Parliament

  • to re-establish the Church and England
  • to restore the bishops in the Worcester House Declaration - leaving details to be worked out by the Savoy House Conference in 1661
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2
Q

What was the general aim of MPs and ministers in 1660?

A

Hoped that differences could be resolved, and a broad, flexible national Church could be established - an aim supported by Charles II

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3
Q

Richard Baxter

A

A prominent Presbyterian - offered role as a bishop - as were a number of moderate Anglicans now known as Latitudinarians

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4
Q

Latitudinarians

A

Support for allowing latitude, or width, in defining acceptable beliefs

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5
Q

What 2 events soured the atmosphere and prevented the creation of broad inclusive Church?

A
  • Fifth Monarchist Rising - Jan 1661 - gave new life to the old fear of religious radicals - it failed, but reinforced danger of radicalism and led to a conservative backlash
  • Resulted in election of the Cavalier Parliament - bent on revenge against Puritans and Presbyterians
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6
Q

How, why, and when, did the Savoy Conference end?

A

May 1661 - broke up without agreement - dominated by Gilbert Sheldon, Bishop of London, and his Arminian supporters
- They were determined to return to a Laudian model for the Church and drive out those who wouldn’t conform

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7
Q

Why were the moderates attempts to resist Sheldon and Arminians unsuccessful?

A
  • Their efforts hampered by Presbyterians getting bogged down in debates about relatively minor issues
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8
Q

What did the collapse of the Savoy Conference result in?

A
  • Decisions about nature of belief, role of the Prayer Book and requirements demanded from the clergy were left in hands of the Arminians and the anti-Puritan Cavalier Parliament
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9
Q

Act of Uniformity 1662

A
  • Imposed formality, rituals, priestly robes and episcopal control
  • Resulted in restriction of non-conformists from Church appointments and driving 1,800 ministers from their livings

In parishes where Anglicans had been replaced by Puritans in 1640s and 50s - this was reversed

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10
Q

What did the bishops appointed in 1660 begin to do after the Act of Uniformity?

A

They began to ordain ministers and recreate the machinery of the Church courts

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11
Q

How did the Act of Uniformity 1662 impact non-Conformists?

A

Faced 3 requirements designed to make their continued service impossible:

1) If they hadn’t originally been ordained by a bishop - had to be re-ordained (emphasised power of bishops and suggested that non-conformists’ previous ministry was invalid)
2) Had to renounce the Presbyterian Covenant - many had sworn an oath of loyalty to
3) Had to accept every element of the Prayer Book

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12
Q

The Act of Uniformity was a full-scale act of retribution against…

A

Puritans - drive from the Church many people who dearly wished to stay within it

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13
Q

For those who drew it up, the Act of Uniformity was a…

What’s the counter-argument to this?

A

declaration and defence of the Anglican faith developed by Laud, a balanced and ordered Church midway between the corruptions of Catholicism and anarchy of Puritanism

However - was a political act, motivated by dislike of dissent in any form and conviction that the right form of governance in Church and state was based on a firm alliance between Church and king

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13
Q

How was the Anglican Church socially dominant and politically significant after the Restoration, as well as due to the Act of Uniformity?

A

Corporation Act 1661 - laid down requirement of conformity by insisting anyone holding a position in local govt had to take the Anglican Holy Communion - later extended to universities

The social, intellectual and political elites to be predominantly Anglican again

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14
Q

Did Charles II offer unconditional support and approval to the elites in Church and state?

A

No - but overall, he was obliged to comply

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15
Q

How did Charles II respond to the Act of Uniformity?

A

1662 - attempted to suspend it and issue a First Declaration of Indulgence - offering religious toleration
- This was defeated by a combination of bishops and cavalier MPs - he was powerless to prevent persecution that followed

16
Q

Other than blocking Charles from suspending the Act of Uniformity, what else did this Anglican Alliance do?

A
  • Responsible for the Clarendon Code

- Test Act in 1672 - response the Second Declaration of Indulgence

17
Q

Earl of Danby

A

Appointed as Lord Treasuer by Charles II in 1673
- Allowed to renew persecutions of dissenters and exercise royal social and political patronage to build up majorities in both Houses of Parliament

Strengthening of royal and Anglican authority = ‘Tory’ policies

18
Q

When was probably the harshest period of persecution in Charles II’s entire reign?

A
  • After problems posed by Popish Plot and Exclusion Crisis from 1678-82
  • Charles returned to ‘Tory’ policies w/ a vengeance - combined w/ remodelling of borough charters to ensure Tory and Anglican control
19
Q

How was Anglican supremacy demonstrated in 1688?

A
  • In the trial of the Seven Bishops who opposed James II’s Second Declaration of Indulgence - offered toleration to both non-conformists and Catholics