#1: The Nucleus

Question 1

What is the scientific definition of “theory”

Answer 1

A well tested set of ideas that explains many disparate* observations.

*Disparate: different in kind, unable to be compared

Question 2

Who proved the existence of atoms?

Answer 2

Albert Einstein

Question 3

In what year were atoms proved?

Answer 3

1905

Question 4

Who was the first to observe atoms?

Answer 4

Robert Brown

Question 5

When were atoms first observed?

Answer 5

1827

Question 6

How was the existence of atoms proved?

Answer 6

A math equation that predicted the motion of an object, moved by atoms, almost perfectly.

Question 7

What is Brownian motion?

Answer 7

The motion of an object by atoms or molecules bumping into it.

Question 8

What are atoms

Answer 8

Tiny, discrete particles that have specific properties depending on the arrangement of three subatomic particles: Proton, Neutron, and the Electron.

Question 9

What is a proton?

Answer 9

A heavy and positively charged subatomic particle.

Question 10

What is a Neutron?

Answer 10

A subatomic particle similar in mass to the proton, though it is neutrally charged.

Question 11

What is an Electron?

Answer 11

A subatomic particle with the same amount of charge as a Proton, though negatively charged. It is also has almost no mass.

Question 12

Where are protons and neutrons located?

Answer 12

In the Nucleus, giving them the name nucleons.

Question 13

Where are electrons located?

Answer 13

Around the nucleus.

Question 14

What is the deciding factor for what element an atom is?

Answer 14

Its protons.

Question 15

What is an Atomic Number?

Answer 15

The number of protons in an atom.

Question 16

Why are atoms the defining trait of an element?

Answer 16

Because the number of atoms in a nucleus almost always stays the same.

Question 17

Why are neutrons important in a nucleus?

Answer 17

They keep the protons from tearing apart the atom.

Question 18

Does every atom of the same element have the same number of neutrons in its nucleus?

Answer 18

No, atoms can be stable with certain different amounts of neutrons.

*Example:
An atom of Silver can have either 60 neutrons or 62 neutrons.

Question 19

What changes depending on the number of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 19

The atom’s Relative Atomic Mass.

Question 20

What is Relative Atomic Mass?

Answer 20

The number of protons added to the number of neutrons averaged across every type of that element’s isotopes.

Question 21

What is an Isotope?

Answer 21

Types of an atoms of the same element that have different masses but the same chemical properties.

Question 22

What does the word “Isotope” mean?

Answer 22

Same place, referring to how isotopes are the same atom and therefore belong on the “same place” on the periodic table.

Question 23

What two things are different amongst different isotopes?

Answer 23

The number of neutrons and the mass number.

Question 24

What is the Mass Number of a nucleus?

Answer 24

The total number of Nucleons in a Nucleus.

Question 25

What is a Nucleon?

Answer 25

A Proton or Neutron.

Question 26

What is the difference between Relative Atomic Weight and Mass Number?

Answer 26

Relative Atomic Weight is the average of all the relative atomic masses of all the atoms of a single element while Mass Number is the number of Nucleons in a Nucleus.

Question 27

What is Atomic Theory?

Answer 27

The idea that everything is made up of atoms