1. The Canadian Health Care System Flashcards
Describe: Overview of Canadian Health Care System (6)
- one federal, three territorial, and ten provincial systems
- major complexities in establishment of Canadian health policy include geographical diversity, socioeconomic divisions, and international pressures
- financed by both the public (70%) and private (30%) sectors
- each provincial plan must cover all medically necessary health services delivered in hospitals and by physicians; may choose to cover services such as home care and prescription drugs
- non-insured health services and fees are either covered by private insurance or by the individual
- workers’ compensation funds cover treatment for work-related injuries and diseases
Describe responsibilities in health care: Federal Government (8)
- Health care services for Indigenous people, federal government employees (RCMP and armed forces), immigrants, and civil aviation personnel
- Marine hospitals and quarantine (Constitution Act, 1867)
- Investigations into public health
- Regulation of food and drugs
- Inspection of medical devices
- Administration of health care insurance
- General information services related to health conditions and practices
- Role in health derived from government’s constitutional powers over criminal law (basis for legislation such as Food and Drugs Act and Controlled Substances Act), spending, bioterrorism, and ‘peace, order, and good government’
Describe responsibilities in health care: Provincial Government (6)
- Establishment, maintenance and management of hospitals, asylums, charities, and charitable institutions (Constitution Act, 1867)
- Licensing of physicians, nurses, and other health professionals
- Determining the standards for licensing all hospitals
- Administering provincial medical insurance plans
- Financing health care facilities
- Delivery of certain public health services
Describe: Principles of the Canada Health Act (5)
- Public Administration: provincial health insurance programs must be administered by public authorities
- Comprehensiveness: provincial health insurance programs must cover all necessary diagnostic, physician, and hospital services
- Universality: all eligible residents must be entitled to health care services
- Portability: emergency health services must be available to Canadians who are outside their home province, paid for by the home province
- Accessibility: user fees, charges, or other obstructions to insured health care services are not permitted
The legal foundation of the Canadian health system is based on what? (4)
- two constitutional documents:
- Constitution Act (1867)
- The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982):
- two statutes:
- Canada Health Act (1984)
- Canada Health and Social Transfer Act (1996)
Describe: Constitution Act (1867) (1)
deals primarily with the jurisdictional power between federal and provincial governments
Describe: The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982) (2)
- does not guarantee a right to health care,
- but given government’s decision to finance health care, they are constitutionally obliged to do so consistently with the rights and freedoms outlined in the Charter (including the right to equality, physicians’ mobility rights, etc.)
Describe: Canada Health Act (1984) (1)
outlines the national terms and conditions that provincial health systems must meet in order to receive federal transfer payments
Describe: Canada Health and Social Transfer Act (1996) (1)
- federal government gives provinces a single grant for health care, social programs, and post-secondary education; division of resources at provinces’ discretion
The federal government can reduce its contributions to provinces that violate the what? (1)
key principles of the Canada Health Act
What happened in the History of the Canadian Health Care System in 1867 (1)
- British* North America Act (now Constitution Act) establishes Canada as a confederacy
- “establishment, maintenance, and management of hospitals” under provincial jurisdiction
What happened in the History of the Canadian Health Care System in 1965 (1)
Royal Commission on Health Services (Hall Commission) recommends federal leadership and financial support with provincial government operation
What happened in the History of the Canadian Health Care System in 1984 (5)
Canada Health Act passed by federal government
- replaces Medical Care Act (1966) and Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act (1957)
- provides federal funds to provinces with universal hospital insurance
- maintains federal government contribution at 50% on average, with poorer provinces receiving more funds
- medical insurance must be “comprehensive, portable, universal, and publicly administered”
- bans extra-billing by new fifth criterion: accessibility
What happened in the History of the Canadian Health Care System in 1996 (1)
- Canada* Health and Social Transfer Act passed by federal government
- federal government gives provinces a single grant for health care, social programs, and post-secondary education; division of resources at provinces’ discretion
What happened in the History of the Canadian Health Care System in 2001 (3)
- Kirby and Romanow Commissions appointed
-
Kirby Commission (final report, October 2002)
- examines history of health care system in Canada, pressures and constraints of current health care system, role of federal government, and health care systems in foreign jurisdictions
-
Romanow Commission (final report, November 2002)
- dialogue with Canadians on the future of Canada’s public health care system
What happened in the History of the Canadian Health Care System in 2004 (1)
- First* Ministers’ Meeting on the Future of Health Care produces a 10 year plan
- priorities include reductions in waiting times, development of a national pharmacare plan, and primary care reform