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VSUR 152 > 1. Surgery of the EYE > Flashcards

1. Surgery of the EYE Flashcards

1
Q

hairs growing out of the meibomian gland openings

A

Distichia

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2
Q

hairs that grow from palpebral conjunctiva to contact the cornea

A

Ectopic cilia

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3
Q

eyelid margin inversion

A

Entropion

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4
Q

eyelid margin eversion

A

Ectropion

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4
Q

an incomplete blink

A

Lagophthalmos

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5
Q

eyes that are turned outward (laterally)

A

Exotropia

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6
Q

Part of the eye that is drainage for tears

A

Puncta

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7
Q

bacteria that grew in tears

A

Tear stains

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8
Q

if used in eyelids, it can cause tissue distortion & become a hazard to cornea if it loosen or shift in position

A

stiffer sutures

(polydioxanone, nylon)

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9
Q

Suture material for eyelids

A

Soft suture
* polyglactin 910 (absorbable)
* silk (non-absorbable)

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10
Q

result in a decrease in HR when there is a pressure in the globe

even when it is a superficial procedure, animal is still put in anesthesia so you would be able to do the procedure properly

A

Oculocardiac reflex

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11
Q

Congenital abnormalities in the eye

[ DDAE ]

A
  1. Dermoid cyst
  2. Distichiasis
  3. Ankyloblepharon
  4. Entropion
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12
Q

Acquired abnormalities in the eye

[ EHK PDL ]

A
  1. Eye worm
  2. Histiocytoma
  3. Keratoconjunctiva sicca (KCS)
  4. Prolapsed gland
  5. Descemetocoele
  6. Lagophthlamos
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13
Q

Suture for oculocardiac reflex

A

Polyglactin
* 10-0 (really small)
* 0.2 metric
* Vicryl (Polyglactin 910)

Anticholinergic - drugs that block and inhibit the activity of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh)

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14
Q
  • cyst in the eye
  • Can also happen in other parts of body w/ mucous membranes
  • Endoderm attached to other part of body
  • Can grow hair or tarsal gland
  • Need to remove it
A

Dermoid cyst

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15
Q
  • a double row of cilia (should be 1 only)
  • 2nd abnormal line is usually directed towards cornea
  • masakit sa mata
A

Distichiasis

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16
Q
  • closing eyelids
  • common in newborns, but should open up in a few days
  • if does not open on its own = needs surgical intervention
A

Ankyloblepharon

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17
Q
  • like effect of distichiasis
  • curling of skin inwards
  • hair should not touch the cornea
  • hair grows inwards and brushes the cornea
  • may worsen over time, so clinical disease may show up later in life
A

Entropion

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18
Q

Diseases & indications of eye (5)

A
  1. Chronic conjunctivitis
  2. Weight loss
  3. Corneal ulceration
  4. Age
  5. Chronic entropion
  6. Severe ectropion
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18
Q

tumorous based on the histiocytes

A

Histiocytoma

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19
Q

Chronic entropion in cats can commonly lead to the formation of a ____ ____

A

corneal sequestrum

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19
Q

Parasite in eyeworm that is not cured by a dewormer

Needs surgical intervention

A

Thelazia spp.

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20
Q

the 3rd eyelid gland (Cherry eye)

A

Prolapsed gland

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21
Q
  • dry eyes
  • tears are measured
  • transposition of the salivary duct
  • Surgery - address what caused it first
A

Keratoconjunctiva sicca (KCS)

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22
Q

bulging of the descement membrane

  • do not cut of membrane
  • let it heal by closing eyelid
A

Descemetocoele

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23
Q
  • incomplete closure of the eyelid
  • too big eyeballs
  • tears won’t reach pupils
  • common in brachycephalic animals
  • need to close by reconstruction of eyelid so it can reach lower eyelid

Surgery
* add eyelid
* incise with scalpel
* overtime it will heal bigger

A

Lagophthalmos

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23
Q

(3) Surgical procedure for eyelids

A
  1. Canthotomy / Canthoplasty
  2. Tarsorrhaphy
  3. Blepharoplasty
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24
Q

(3) steps for preop for ocular surgeries

A
  1. Flush eye
  2. Rinse
  3. Stay suture
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24
Q

(1) Surgical procedure for conjunctiva

A

Conjunctiva flaps

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25
Q

Preop of eye that is not used anymore

A

eyelid speculum

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26
Q

(1) Surgical procedure for parotid duct

A

Parotid duct transposition

27
Q

(2) Surgical procedure for third eyelid

A
  1. Third eyelid flap
  2. Correction of third eyelid gland prolapse
28
Q

(3) Surgical procedure for globe

A
  1. Enucleation
  2. Extirpation
  3. Paracentesis oculi
29
Q

Give the eyelid surgery:

  • Palpebral fissure is made bigger by cutting to the lateral side
  • Papalakihin lang yung operative field, unless the palpebral fissure is too small
  • Another reason is for tears (sugat) in the eyes
A

Canthotomy / Canthoplasty

30
Q

Closure for canthotomy / canthoplasty

A

2-layer closure
* Suture = buried HMSP / Horizontal mattress / SISP
* Figure of 8

or

1-layer closure
* usual closure
* figure of 8
* suture material would not reach inner portion of eyelid (gitna lang)
* surgical knot is placed outside, so the suture is not touching the cornea

31
Q

to facilitate healing of the cornea

A

Temporary Tarsorrhaphy

32
Q

Difference in permanent tarsorrhaphy

A

knot of closure

33
Q

(2) Indications for temporary tarsorrhaphy

A
  1. patients who cannot blink
  2. traumatic proptosis
34
Q

Suture for temporary tarsorrhaphy

A

3-4 horizontal mattress

35
Q

(2) suture materials for temporary tarsorrhaphy

A
  1. Stents
  2. Cyanoacrylate glue
36
Q

Suture for temporary tarsorrhaphy that will not cut thru skin

A

Stents

37
Q

removal of eyeballs

  • risk of damage to skull, brain if not closed
  • closed for life
  • reduces the palpebral fissure size in animals with macropalpebral fissure (large eyelid openings)
A

permanent tarsorrhaphy

38
Q

closure of permanent tarsorrhaphy

A

split thickness suture

39
Q

Indications for permanent tarsorrhaphy

A
  1. ectropion
  2. entropion
  3. excessive corneal exposure
  4. risk for traumatic proptosis
40
Q

Identify the procedure.
Put in chronological order.

1) By examining the eyelid opening size relative to the horizontal corneal diameter.

2) After the tarsorrhaphy, the palpebral fissure opening should cover most of the exposed bulbar conjunctiva but should not cover the cornea.

3) Determine the amount of eyelid margin to be removed laterally

A

3
1
2

41
Q

thickest layer of the eye

it takes in the dye and becomes green

A

stroma

42
Q

Which eye anatomy is gone if the eye turned green

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Bowman’s later
43
Q

Intact Bowman only

A

erosion

44
Q

eye surgery

generally preferred in brachycephalic breeds with exotropia to reduce lagophthalmos by correcting the ventromedial entropion, as well as reducing the palpebral fissure size.

A

medial canthoplasty

45
Q

Indication:

to prevent bell reflex and thus allow corneal or intraocular surgery

A

Immobilization of the globe

46
Q

downward rolling of the eyeball (happens during anesthesia)

A

Bell reflex

47
Q

Instruments for immobilization of the globe (3)

A
  1. Self retaining lid retractor / stay suture
  2. Fine- toothed ophthalmic forceps / rat tooth
  3. Delicate needle holder

Material: 4-0 silk with swaged on ophthalmic cutting needle

48
Q

Pre-op for immobilization

  1. Clip
  2. Flush ____ & ____ w/ sterile distilled water
  3. Prepare the lids and periocular skin for aseptic surgery
A

conjuctival culdesac & cornea

49
Q

(2) stay suture positions for immobilization of globe

A
  • 10 o’clock &
  • 12 o’clock positions,

1-2 mm from the limbus and engaging the episcleral tissue

50
Q

fluid removal from the eye by aspirating

A

Paracentesis oculi

51
Q

(4) Indications for paracentesis oculi

A
  1. Removal of a hyphema from the anterior chamber
  2. To relieve intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients
  3. Removal of organized hypopyon
  4. Recurrent descemetocoele
52
Q

Identify the procedure.
Chronological order.

  1. Withdraw 0.1 mL of aqueous humor
  2. Insert the tip of the needle under the bulbar conjuctiva with a short, quick motion
  3. Flush globe with sterile saline
  4. Withdraw needle
  5. Remove needle & sutures
  6. The plane of the needle is parallel to the anterior surface of the iris
  7. With the immobile globe, insert G-23 needle of a tuberculin syringe ~2 mm from the limbus & at an acute angle with the corneal surface (6 o’clock position)
A

7
1
6
5
2
4
3

52
Q

can serve as bandages (similar to an opaque contact lens) to mechanically protect the cornea after trauma.

A

Third eyelid flap

53
Q

Third eyelid flap do not function like ____ ____ because it
* provides vascularization
* metabolic and tectonic support by integrating to the cornea

A

conjunctival grafts

54
Q

Identify the procedure.
Chronological order.

  1. Grasp the 3rd eyelid w/ forceps & pull across the cornea
  2. Place plastic tubing above the skin where the suture will be tied
  3. Second entry to the upper eyelid is from the: fornix through the skin
  4. Anchor and suture though the skin of the upper eyelid into the fornix

show teacher then remove suture

A

4
1
3
2

55
Q

Do not use 3rd eyelid flaps on (3)

A
  1. deep corneal ulcers
  2. descemetoceles
  3. corneal perforations
55
Q

(2) Indications for third eyelid flap

A
  1. bullous keratopathy
  2. indolent corneal ulceration
56
Q

it is where the corneal epithelium is not adhering well to the underlying corneal stroma

A

indolent corneal ulceration

57
Q

suture pattern for temporary tarsorrhaphy

A

horizontal mattress

at lateral 2/3 fissures only

58
Q

Material/s for temporary tarsorrhaphy

A
  • stents
  • cyanoacrylate glue
59
Q

reconstruction of eyelid

A

Blepharoplasty

60
Q

inward rolling of eyelids

A

entropion

61
Q

outward rolling of eyelids

A

ectropion

62
Q

(3) corrections of entropion

A
  1. Lid tacking (for puppies)
  2. Hotz Celsus
  3. Y to V
63
Q

(1) correction for ectropion

A

V to Y

64
Q
  • done without removal of facial skin
  • common to recur after surgery
  • also used for spastic entropion
  • to provide relief from corneal irritation until the primary cause is corrected
A

Lid tacking

65
Q

putting suture w/o tying knot para pwede i-adjust

A

“Pre-place” suture

66
Q

Entropion in ________ , especially ____ puppies, may be treated by temporarily rolling out the eyelid margin and may eventually resolve with growth.

A

neonate or young animal (≤20 weeks of age)

especially shar-pei puppies

67
Q

Identify the procedure.
Chronological order.

  1. Surgical spoon used to protect eyeball
  2. Incise and remove part of skin
  3. Grasp eyelid and remove subcutis and some portion of muscle
A

2
3
1

67
Q

This skin excision surgery may need to be combined with palpebral fissure reduction in some breeds.

A

Hotz Celsus

VSUR 152 (13 decks)

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