1. Structures within cells- EUKARYOTES Flashcards
what is a rough endoplasmic reticulum?
the RER is the ER studded with ribosomes
what is the role of the RER?
process proteins produced by the ribosomes
Nucleus is the site of ——-
DNA Replication
what is an endoplasmic reticulum?
a series of folds that connect to the nuclear envelope
what do lysosomes contain?
lysosomes contain digestive enzymes which need to be kept separate from the rest if the cell by a membrane
define a lysosome
Lysosomes are small, round organelles
what are digestive enzymes in lysosomes used to do?
- used to digest invading cells
- destroy the cell itself when needed
what do mature plant cells have?
a large vacuole
how are vacuoles important?
important in keeping the cell turgid, meaning when vacuoles are full, it offers full support
list the few features a vacuole contains?
- liquid (water)
- pigments
- waste
what are ribosomes?
they are tiny organelles that can either:
- free floating in cytoplasm
- attached to the RER
where does photosynthesis occur within chloroplasts?
within the thylakoid membranes
chloroplasts contain a light absorbing pigment called ———-
chlorophyll
define a chloroplast
chloroplasts are organelles surrounded by a double membrane, the inner membrane is folded into thylakoid membranes
Describe the structure of the Golgi Apparatus
they are flattened sacs which produce vesicles
what takes place within ribosomes?
- proteins are synthesised
what are the structures that make up a ribosome?
- small subunit
- large subunit
what is the role of the golgi apparatus?
it processes and packages substances produced by the SER and RER
what is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate, the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level
describe the double membrane within the mitochondria?
they have a double membrane:
- the inner one forming the cristae as it folds
what is the role of mitochondria?
they provide the energy a cell requires
Mitochondria is the site of ————-
Aerbobic respiration
where is ATP produced?
the cristae, within the chloroplasts, within the mitochondria
what are the properties of a cell wall?
- made from cellulose, which allows teh wall to be:
- strong
- flexible
what cells have a cell wall?
- plant
- fungi
- bacteria
define a cell wall?
a rigid layer of polysaccharides, which lie on the outside of the plasma membrane
- what is the function of a cell wall?
to support the plant cell and stop it from bursting
define centrioles
centrioles are protein structures found in animal cells
what is the role of centrioles?
they have a roll in spindle fibre which forms during cell division and pulls the chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell
define chromatin
the way in which DNA in a nucleus exists
the nucleus is the largest ——— in a cell and is surrounded by its own membrane the ———-
nuclear envelope
