1 - Structure And Function Of The CVS Flashcards

0
Q

What three factors affect diffusion?

A

Area
Diffusion resistance
Concentration gradient

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1
Q

What are Venae Comitantes?

A

A pair of veins that accompany a small artery

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2
Q

Explain the ‘Supply and Demand’ concept of blood flow

A

Increased metabolism = increased metabolites and oxygen demand = increased blood flow

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3
Q

Why do we need resistance vessels (arterioles)?

A

Resistance is needed to regular blood flow, otherwise blood would only flow to the parts of the body easiest to perfuse

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4
Q

Why is capacitance important in veins?

A

Veins are able to store large amounts of blood because of their thin, distensible walls
This blood is used when to increase blood flow when needed

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5
Q

Blood flow is fastest where …

A

… cross-sectional area is smallest

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6
Q

What are the three types of arteries?

A

Elastic
Muscular
Arterioles

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7
Q

What is the general structure of vessels?

A
TAMIL
Tunica Adventitia
Tunica Media
Tunica Intima
Lumen
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8
Q

What controls vasoconstriction?

A

The sympathetic nervous system

- noradrenaline

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9
Q

What are pre-capillary spinchters?

A

Found in arterioles and metarterioles
Control flow of blood
Can be open and closed

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10
Q

What is the structure of a capillary?

A

Endothelium and basement membrane

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11
Q

What are the three types of capillaries?

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal

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12
Q

What are the different structures in the venous system?

A

Post capillary venules
Venules
Veins

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13
Q

What is the significance of valves?

A

Ensure blood flows in one direction

Work with muscle contraction to propel blood to the heart

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14
Q

What are the two types of muscle found in large arteries?

A

Longitudinal - tunica Adventitia

Circular - tunica media

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15
Q

What are the four valves found in the heart?

A

Tricuspid
Pulmonary
Bicuspid (mitral)
Aortic

16
Q

What is the mediasternum?

A

The region in the thoracic cavity between the right and left pleural cavities

17
Q

What is in the middle mediasternum?

A

The pericardial sac - coronary arteries and the heart itself

Roots of the great vessels

18
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

Fibroserous, fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart and the great vessels

19
Q

What are the functions of the pericardium?

A
  • fixes the heart in place
  • prevents overfilling of the heart
  • lubrication (reduces friction)
  • protection from infection