1) Social Inequaliity And Difference In Relation To Gender

Question 1

Statistics that show women perform better than males in education

Answer 1

• in 2013, UCAS stated that females were 33% more likely to enter higher education than males
• in 2014. GCSE results showed that 73% of females gaining grades A*-C as opposed to 64% of males

Question 2

List typical male jobs and typical female jobs

Answer 2

Typical male jobs:
- builder
- electrician
- engineer

Typical female jobs:
- hair dresser
- maid
- teacher

Question 3

What is the differences between horizontal segregation and vertical segregation in the workplace

Answer 3

Horizontal segregation: the barrier between male and female occupations varies between industries and there is evidence that this is declining. Crompton speculates there’s a decline in traditional male occupations (e.g. mining) and gender-typed occupations.

Vertical segregation: within an industry men and women are concentrated at different levels. Women tend to be under-represented at the most senior positions
Vertical segregation is declining as more women are becoming manager, gender pay gap is closing. Pilcher claims there have been improvement in economic change and political processes (e.g. sex discrimination act) and women’s attitudes

Question 4

What is the glass ceiling?

Answer 4

Where females can se the job opportunities but can’t achieve them/ can’t ‘smash’ the glass ceiling
This could be due to the ‘old boy network’, lack of networks so lack of opportunities

Question 5

What does Desai et al say on glass ceiling?

Answer 5

• she found that women are starting to break through the glass ceiling, and they predict that the occupational profiles of males and females will converge in the future
  E.g. women now continue to work after maternity leave, whereas 25 years ago many women stopped working after having children

Question 6

E.g. of company of having gender pay gap

Answer 6

Ryan Air
Male pay is 43% more

Question 7

Stats for females in the labour market from Office for National Statistics 2013

Answer 7

• women with children are less likely to work than women without
• females have jobs in lower skilled occupations
• males have more professional jobs and higher pay
• self employed females ear 40% less than self-employed males
• in the private business sector the gender pay gap is 24.8% between males and females doing the same job

Question 8

What is the ‘crisis of masculinity’?

Answer 8

Males might also be disadvantaged in terms of social inequality.
Femininity of the labour market, in modern society, has caused males to have no clear identity or path in life

Males may become deviant/ criminal as a result
E.g. males are x4 more likely to be expelled from school than females

Question 9

Stats for gender inequality and health

Answer 9

Suicide is x3 greater for males than females
80% of drug users are males

Question 10

Research by Warin on family life and gender inequality?

Answer 10

• studied 95 families in Rochdale UK
• families agreed that main breadwinner of family should be father
• males feel under pressure to provide for their family e.g. buy designer goods for their teenage children
• sick, disables, unemployed fathers feel sad they can’t provide for their families
• males struggle to support financially and emotionally