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Dermatology Week 3 2017/18 > 1: Skin cancer > Flashcards

1: Skin cancer Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the two broad types of skin cancer?

A

Malignant melanoma

Non-melanoma skin cancer (inc. SCC and BCC)

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2
Q

What is the main feature of melanoma compared to BCC or SCC?

A

Pigmented

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3
Q

When do skin cancers tend to present?

A

45 years of age onwards

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4
Q

Which type of skin cancer causes the greatest proportion of deaths?

A

Malignant melanoma

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5
Q

Melanoma prognosis depends on its ___.

A

thickness

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6
Q

Which scale is used to match melanoma thickness to prognosis?

A

Breslow thickness

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7
Q

What is the 5-year survival for melanomas under a milimeter thick?

A

95-100%

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8
Q

What is the 5-year survival for melanomas more than 4mm thick?

A

50%

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9
Q

The 5-year survival for melanomas with metastasis is (low / high).

A

low

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10
Q

What piece of equipment is used to examine melanomas?

A

Dermoscope

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11
Q

What is the ABCDE rule for identifying melanomas?

A

Asymmetry

Border irregularity

Colour changes

Diameter (longer is worse)

Evolution (changes in size, colour, appearance)

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12
Q

What are two general classifications of malignant melanoma?

A

Superficial spreading

Nodular

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13
Q

What are the two phases of superficial melanoma growth?

A

Horizontal growth phase

Vertical growth phase into the dermis afterwards

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14
Q

Why do nodular melanomas progress much quicker than superficial ones?

A

Vertical growth phase starts immediately, invades dermis quickly

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15
Q

What name is given to melanoma-in-situ i.e not invasive yet?

A

Lentigo maligna

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16
Q

What are the most common types of skin cancer?

A

BCC

SCC

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17
Q

Out of BCC and SCC, what is the most common type of skin cancer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

18
Q

What are BCCs also known as?

A

Rodent ulcers

19
Q

How are BCCs described?

A

Round, pearly lesions with a rolled edge and central ulceration

20
Q

Are BCCs painful?

A

No

21
Q

What name is given to BCCs which send out strands of invasive cells which are not visible on the skin?

A

Morphoeic

22
Q

What morphological term, used to describe round lumps, describes most BCCs?

A

Nodular

23
Q

Like melanomas, BCCs can be ___ or ___.

A

superficial

nodular

24
Q

Why do BCCs have an ulcerated centre?

A

Poor blood supply

25
Q

What do squamous cell carcinomas look like?

A

Hyperkeratotic (i.e crusty) lumps/ulcers

26
Q

Are SCCs painful?

A

Can be

27
Q

Do SCCs bleed?

A

Can do

28
Q

What is the prognosis of BCCs and SCCs compared to melanomas?

A

Really good

29
Q

Where do SCCs tend to appear?

A

Sun-damaged skin

30
Q

What are some lesions which tend to be precursors to SCCs?

A

Actinic keratoses

Bowen’s disease (carcinoma-in-situ in a similar way to lentigo maligna melanoma)

31
Q

Horn-like, crusty lesions are likely to be ___.

A

SCCs

32
Q

What are some high-risk sites for SCCs?

A

Ear

Lip

Scalp

33
Q

What is the chance of an SCC metastasising?

A

5%

34
Q

SCCs can appear at the sites of chronic ___ such as ulcers and previous trauma, such as ___.

A

wounds

burns

35
Q

Which lesions are highly associated with SCC and BCC?

A

Actinic keratoses (BCC and SCC)

Bowen’s disease (SCC)

36
Q

Where do actinic keratoses appear?

A

Sites of sun damage e.g forehead, scalp, hands

37
Q

What do Bowen’s disease lesions look like?

A

Scaly, erythematous plaques

38
Q

Which syndrome can cause early onset BCCs?

A

Gorlin syndrome

39
Q

Which genetic disorder, causing widespread shedding and blistering of skin, is linked to skin cancer?

A

Epidermolysis bullosa

40
Q

Patients who have had ___ are at high risk of developing non-melanoma skin cancers.

A

transplants

41
Q

Patients at risk of skin cancer should be encouraged to regularly ___ their skin.

A

inspect

42
Q

Which factor sunscreen should patients use to reduce their risk of skin cancer?

A

SPF25+

Dermatology Week 3 2017/18 (8 decks)

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