1. Raztopine Flashcards

1
Q

Kaj je raztopina?

A

Je homogena zmes topljenca in topila.

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2
Q

Kaj je topljenec?

Kaj je topilo?

A

Topljenec je snov, ki se raztaplja

Topilo je snov, v kateri raztapljamo topljenec.

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3
Q

Oznaka za masni delež topljenca.

A

w

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4
Q

Enačba za masni delež topljenca v raztopini.

A

w(topljenec)= m(topljenec) / m(raztopina)

Masni delež nima enote.

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5
Q

Kaj je topnost?

A

Topnost je največja količina topljenca, ki ga lahko raztopimo v neki količini topila pri določeni temperaturi.
Enota g topljenca / 100g topila

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6
Q

Enačba za topnost.

A

topnost = 100˙*w / 1-w

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7
Q

Preračunavanje t - w

A

w = t / t + 100

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8
Q

Enačba množinska koncentracija

A

c(topljenec) = n(topljenec) / V(raztopina)

mol/L

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9
Q

Enačba masna koncentracija

A

γ(topljenec) = m(topljenca) / V(raztopina)

g/L

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10
Q

Enačba gostota raztopine

A

ρ(raztopine) = m(raztopine) / V(raztopine)

g/L

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11
Q

Topnost plinov v vodi

A

Plini se bolje raztapljajo pri nižji temperaturi topila in pri višjem tlaku plina nad gladino topila.

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12
Q

Redčenje in koncentriranje raztopine

A

w1 * m1 = w2 * m2

c1 * V1 = c2 * V2

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13
Q

Mešanje dveh raztopin

A

w1 * m1 + w2 * m2 = w3 * m3

c1 * V1 + c2 * V2 = c3 *V3

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14
Q

Entalpija raztapljanja

A

ΔHraz > 0 endotermno

ΔHraz < 0 eksotermno

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15
Q

Hidracijska entalpija

A

predstavlja spremembo entalpije, ko se en mol snovi v plinastem agregatnem stanju raztopi v vodi.
Energija se sprošča.

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16
Q

Mrežna entalpija

A

predstavlja spremembo entalpije, ko nastane en mol kristalične snovi iz osnovnih gradnikov v plinastem a.s.
Energija se porablja.