1: Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Cells are divided into two types. Based on what? What are the two types?

A
  1. based on structure

2. prokaryotic and eukaryotic

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2
Q

Which cell type came first: prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A
  1. prokaryotic
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3
Q

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell.

A
  1. bacteria (bacteria are single celled)
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4
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have a complicated structure?

A
  1. no
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5
Q

Cells are divided into two types based on their structure. Compare the two structures. (How are they different)

A
  1. eukaryotic cells are divided up by membranes into separate compartments such as the nucleus and mitochondria
  2. whereas prokaryotic cells are not compartmentalised
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6
Q

Do mitochondria have a nucleus?

A
  1. NO

2. they have a nucleoid region - it is not bound by a membrane therefore it is not a nucleus

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7
Q

What can surface area to volume ratio help to explain?

A
  1. why cells divide
  2. many other phenomena

kind of a useless card but could be something to consider if they ask you to explain “why cells divide” or ‘some other phenomena’.

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8
Q

Draw a prokaryotic cell. (p6)

A
  1. cytoplasm
  2. cell wall
  3. nucleoid region (region containing naked DNA - not wrapped around histone proteins)
  4. plasma membrane
  5. pili
  6. 70S ribosomes (70S indicates size, prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes)
  7. flagellum
  8. slime capsule
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9
Q

Name the process prokaryotic cells undergo to divide.

A
  1. binary fission (meaning splitting in two)
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10
Q

What are the steps of binary fission?

A
  1. bacterial chromosome is replicated so there are two identical copies
  2. copies moved to opposite ends of the cell
  3. cell wall and plasma membrane are pulled inwards in the middle, pinching the cell and dividing it in two
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11
Q

How fast can binary fission happen?

A
  1. some cells can double in volume and divide by binary fission every 30 mins
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