1: Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Do eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus?

Answer 1

1. yes

Question 2

What can you observe in a eukaryotic cell using a light microscope? How about an electron microscope?

Answer 2

1. light: cytoplasm enclosed in plasma membrane

2. electron: ultrastructure is visible

Question 3

Name all the organelles in a eukaryotic cell.

Answer 3

Organelle with single membrane:

1. rough endoplasmic reticulum
2. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
3. lysosome
4. Golgi apparatus; vesicles and vacuoles

Organelle with double membrane:

5. nucleus
6. mitochondrion
7. chloroplast

Question 4

What are the advantages of compartmentalisation (having membrane bound organelles?

Answer 4

1. enzymes and substrates used in a process can be concentrated in a small area,
2. with pH and other conditions at optimum levels
3. and with no other enzymes that might disrupt the process

Question 5

Draw an animal cell.

Answer 5

1. chromosomes consisting of DNA and histones
2. nuclear membrane
3. nuclear pore
4. rough endoplasmic reticulum (studded with ribosomes)
5. mitochondrion
6. plasma membrane
7. vesicles
8. Golgi apparatus
9. cytoplasm

Question 6

Draw a plant cell.

Answer 6

1. chromosomes consisting of DNA and histones
2. nuclear membrane
3. nuclear pore
4. rough endoplasmic reticulum (studded with ribosomes)
5. mitochondrion
6. plasma membrane
7. vesicles
8. Golgi apparatus
9. cytoplasm
10. chloroplast
11. lysosome

Question 7

Practice identifying organelles and deducing function.

Answer 7

e.g. large amounts of RER (rough endo…) and many Golgi apparatuses shows that the main function of the cell is to synthesize and secrete proteins

Question 8

What is the role of the lysosome?

Answer 8

1. site of hydrolysis / digestion / breakdown of macromolecules

Question 9

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 9

1. an assembly of vesicles and folded membranes involved in the sorting, storing and modification of secretory products

Question 10

Give similarities of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Answer 10

1. both have a cell membrane
2. both contain ribosomes
3. both have DNA and cytoplasm

Question 11

Give differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Answer 11

1. size - eukaryotic bigger
2. ribosomes - eukaryotic bigger
3. reproduction - eukaryotic can reproduce sexually as well as asexually
4. membrane-bound organelles - eukaryotes have them
5. DNA (4 things, found in first chapter of genetics)