1. process of evolution Flashcards
define evolution
the change in genetic makeup of population over time
define genetic composition
gene frequencies so # of different alleles either big P or little p
evolutionary theory is supported by a lot of
evidence and data
in 1831 who did a 5 year long voyage around the world
Charles Darwin
Darwin proposed a theory for ?…… based on #___ propositions
evolutionary change
3
name and explain all the propositions of Darwins theory for evolutionary change (3)*****
- species change over time ( already known)
- divergent species (groups of similar speicies - like the finches) diverge gradually over time (evolutionary change) …. new idea
- the mechanism for decedent for modification is produced by natural selection
what is natural selection modified to?
survival and reproduction
define population
a group of individuals of a single species that live and interbreed in a particular geographic area
individual _____ _____ but population ____!!!!!
DONT EVOLVE
DO
natural selection causes evolution but so do #___ the mechanisms name them.. *****
4…
1. mutation 2. gene flow 3. genetic drift 4. nonrandom mating
mutation is any ____ _____ on ____ within the genome of the organism
random change on CHANCE
mutations are ____ therefore this explained that it will neither _____ or ____
random
harm / help
mutations depend on?
environmental conditions
the larger the genome =
more chances for low probability events to occur
over time mutations will?
accumulate
result of mutation is?
new alleles
without mutation = no ……
evolution
define allele frequency and give example
total # of alleles
for example yellow allele is x1 =12 so It will be 12/total # of alleles
define genotype frequency
alleles that an individual has
example being x1x2, x2x3, x2x2
allele frequency and genotype frequency is to measure ?
evolutionary change
mutation is a source of ..
variation
selection act on the variation of mutation to produce?
new phenotypes
give example of selection
wild mustard = brocolli, kale, cabbage, etc
what does artificial selection mean
using human help so a human breeds with thick stem to make broccoli
artificial selection results in traints favorable to?
humans
_____ _______ results in traits that help the organism survive and reproduce more effectively in nature
natural selection
natural selection leads to?
adaptation
define adaptation
favored traits that spread through population by differencing survival and reproduction
gene flow is the _____ of individuals/gametes from 1 population to another
migration
gene flow is like _____ down a river (green to brown and brown beetle flys to green causing change in allele frequency)
flowing
gene flow =
migration/ movement
________ _______ results from RANDOME CHAGE in allele frequency due to chance events regardless the trait
genetic drift
in _____ _____- genetic drift can be a really BIG DEAL
small populations
(genetic drift) explain population bottleneck
massiver reduction in population size so then the surviving population repopulates but simply BY CHNACE because of the ones that survived therefore the new population is different from the OG population
another way genetic drift occurs is when a small populations ______ __ ____ ____ that looks different from the OG population this is called _____ _____
colonizes a new area
founder effect
found effect is like population bottleneck the difference is that …
there is less deaths
what are the 2 ways genetic drift occurs
population bottleneck and founder effectd
define random mating
mate with whoever the encounter
define nonrandom mating
mating with preferred they want
sexual selection is?
nonrandom mating that favors traits that increase the chance go reproduction
more likely to be chosen by opposite sex is ______ _______
sexual selection
mutation =
new alleles
selection =
difference in survival and reproduction based on traits
gene flow =
migration
genetic drift =
population bottle neck = is random and reduce in size of population then founder = is started by a few individuals that starts a new population
