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FINAL BIO > 1. process of evolution > Flashcards

1. process of evolution Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

define evolution

A

the change in genetic makeup of population over time

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2
Q

define genetic composition

A

gene frequencies so # of different alleles either big P or little p

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3
Q

evolutionary theory is supported by a lot of

A

evidence and data

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4
Q

in 1831 who did a 5 year long voyage around the world

A

Charles Darwin

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5
Q

Darwin proposed a theory for ?…… based on #___ propositions

A

evolutionary change
3

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6
Q

name and explain all the propositions of Darwins theory for evolutionary change (3)*****

A
  1. species change over time ( already known)
  2. divergent species (groups of similar speicies - like the finches) diverge gradually over time (evolutionary change) …. new idea
  3. the mechanism for decedent for modification is produced by natural selection
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7
Q

what is natural selection modified to?

A

survival and reproduction

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8
Q

define population

A

a group of individuals of a single species that live and interbreed in a particular geographic area

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9
Q

individual _____ _____ but population ____!!!!!

A

DONT EVOLVE
DO

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10
Q

natural selection causes evolution but so do #___ the mechanisms name them.. *****

A

4…
1. mutation 2. gene flow 3. genetic drift 4. nonrandom mating

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11
Q

mutation is any ____ _____ on ____ within the genome of the organism

A

random change on CHANCE

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12
Q

mutations are ____ therefore this explained that it will neither _____ or ____

A

random
harm / help

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13
Q

mutations depend on?

A

environmental conditions

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14
Q

the larger the genome =

A

more chances for low probability events to occur

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15
Q

over time mutations will?

A

accumulate

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16
Q

result of mutation is?

A

new alleles

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17
Q

without mutation = no ……

A

evolution

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18
Q

define allele frequency and give example

A

total # of alleles
for example yellow allele is x1 =12 so It will be 12/total # of alleles

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19
Q

define genotype frequency

A

alleles that an individual has
example being x1x2, x2x3, x2x2

20
Q

allele frequency and genotype frequency is to measure ?

A

evolutionary change

21
Q

mutation is a source of ..

A

variation

22
Q

selection act on the variation of mutation to produce?

A

new phenotypes

23
Q

give example of selection

A

wild mustard = brocolli, kale, cabbage, etc

24
Q

what does artificial selection mean

A

using human help so a human breeds with thick stem to make broccoli

25
Q

artificial selection results in traints favorable to?

A

humans

26
Q

_____ _______ results in traits that help the organism survive and reproduce more effectively in nature

A

natural selection

27
Q

natural selection leads to?

A

adaptation

28
Q

define adaptation

A

favored traits that spread through population by differencing survival and reproduction

29
Q

gene flow is the _____ of individuals/gametes from 1 population to another

A

migration

30
Q

gene flow is like _____ down a river (green to brown and brown beetle flys to green causing change in allele frequency)

A

flowing

31
Q

gene flow =

A

migration/ movement

32
Q

________ _______ results from RANDOME CHAGE in allele frequency due to chance events regardless the trait

A

genetic drift

33
Q

in _____ _____- genetic drift can be a really BIG DEAL

A

small populations

34
Q

(genetic drift) explain population bottleneck

A

massiver reduction in population size so then the surviving population repopulates but simply BY CHNACE because of the ones that survived therefore the new population is different from the OG population

35
Q

another way genetic drift occurs is when a small populations ______ __ ____ ____ that looks different from the OG population this is called _____ _____

A

colonizes a new area
founder effect

36
Q

found effect is like population bottleneck the difference is that …

A

there is less deaths

37
Q

what are the 2 ways genetic drift occurs

A

population bottleneck and founder effectd

38
Q

define random mating

A

mate with whoever the encounter

39
Q

define nonrandom mating

A

mating with preferred they want

40
Q

sexual selection is?

A

nonrandom mating that favors traits that increase the chance go reproduction

41
Q

more likely to be chosen by opposite sex is ______ _______

A

sexual selection

42
Q

mutation =

A

new alleles

43
Q

selection =

A

difference in survival and reproduction based on traits

44
Q

gene flow =

A

migration

45
Q

genetic drift =

A

population bottle neck = is random and reduce in size of population then founder = is started by a few individuals that starts a new population

FINAL BIO (4 decks)

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