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Mercy CLS 7/8: Coagulation/Body Fluids > 1) Platelet structure & function > Flashcards

1) Platelet structure & function Flashcards

1
Q

2 functions of hemostasis

A
  • stop bleeding
  • maintain blood in fluid form
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2
Q

breakdown of a clot

A

fibrinolysis

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3
Q

function of plasmin

A

digests fibrinogen & fibrin (fibrinolysis)

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4
Q

pinpoint bleeding from arterioles, venules

A

petechiae

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5
Q

bruises/bleeding from veins

A

ecchymoses

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6
Q

nosebleed

A

epistaxis

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7
Q

mucocutaneous bleeding

A

platelets deficient or defective

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8
Q

joint bleeding

A

factor deficiency

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9
Q

presents with both mucocutaneous bleeding and joint bleeding

A

DIC

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10
Q

clot formation on the interior of an intact vessel

A

thrombosis

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11
Q

the ———– effect is disturbed when there is stagnation of blood flow

A

endothelial anticoagulant

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12
Q

normal VECs are ————–, so clots do not form

A

thromboresistant

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13
Q

inactive coag proteins in circulation

A

zymogens

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14
Q

VECs, plasma components and platelets normally repel each other because…

A

they are negatively charged

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15
Q

vasoconstrictors

A
  • serotonin
  • TXA2
  • endothelin-1
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16
Q

vasodilator

A

prostaglandin (PGI2)

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17
Q

tissue factor is also called…

A

thromboplastin

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18
Q

t-PA

A

tissue plasminogen activator

dissolves fibrin clot

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19
Q

inactivates and clears thrombin
activates protein C coag inhibitor

A

thrombomodulin

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20
Q

clots mainly form in…

A

arterioles & venules

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21
Q

for normal function, need at least —— plt

A

100

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22
Q

plt <20

A

at risk for spontaneous bleed

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23
Q

plt >20, <50

A

at risk for hemorrhage during surgery, trauma

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24
Q

plt >50, <100

A

minimal risk of hemorrhage during surgery

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25
Q

platelets have ———– (nonspecific) granules

A

azurophilic

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26
Q

platelets last…

A

7-10 days

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27
Q

distribution of platelets in body

A

70% in circulation
30% in spleen reserves

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28
Q

splenomegaly — plt in PB

A

↓

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29
Q

stages of plt development

A
  • HSC
  • CFU-GEMM
  • CFU-Meg
  • BFU-Meg
  • Megakaryoblast
  • Promegakaryocyte
  • (Meta)megakaryocyte
  • Platelet
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30
Q

regulates all stages of plt development

A

thrombopoietin (TPO)

31
Q

TPO is made by the…

A

liver
spleen
kidneys

32
Q

TPO binds to ——- on plts/megas, which renders it unable to stimulate proliferation (negative feedback)

A

CD110

33
Q

DNA count doubles but there is no cell division

results in polyploidy cells

A

endomitosis

megakaryocytes

34
Q

DMS

A

demarcation membrane system

membranes form all throughout mega cytoplasm, which will become platelets

35
Q

blast → mature plt takes — days

A

5

36
Q

characteristics of megakaryoblast

A
  • 20-45 μm
  • single round or oval nucleus
  • 1-2 nucleoli
  • blunt protrusions (blebs)
  • scant cytoplasm
  • no granules
37
Q

characteristics of promegakaryocyte

A
  • more cytoplasm
  • multiple nuclei
  • 20-80 μm
  • reddish granules
  • demarcation membranes begin to form
38
Q

characteristics of megakaryocyte

A
  • multiple nuclei
  • 30-100 μm
  • many small uniform granules, reddish blue
  • demarcation system
39
Q

what happens once the mega reaches maturity and is ready to produce plts?

A

membrane ruptures
nuclei are engulfed by macrophages

40
Q

RR for megas on BM

A

1-4 megas/100 nucleated cells

41
Q

plt shape at rest

A

discoid

42
Q

4 plt zones

A
  • peripheral zone
  • structural zone
  • organelle zone
  • membrane systems
43
Q

parts of plt peripheral zone

A

glycocalyx (GPs)
phospholipid membrane

44
Q

vWF, thrombin and ristocetin receptor

A

GPIb/IX

45
Q

CD42b/c

A

GPIb/IX

46
Q

fibrinogen receptor

A

GPIIb/IIIa

47
Q

hidden in resting plts and appears on activation

A

GPIIb/IIIa

48
Q

CD41/61

A

GPIIb/IIIa

49
Q

parts of plt structural zone

A
  • cytoskeleton
  • microtubules
  • protein network
50
Q

function of plt microtubules

A

contract during stimulation
allows for degranulation, and ↑ surface area

51
Q

plt protein network consists of…

A

actin and myosin

52
Q

parts of plt organelle zone

A
  • mitochondria
  • glycogen (source of energy)
  • granules
53
Q

3 types of plt granules

A
  • dense bodies
  • alpha granules
  • lysosomal granules
54
Q

contained in dense bodies

A

ADP
ATP
serotonin
Ca2+

55
Q

contained in alpha granules

A

PF4
PDGF

56
Q

(alpha granules/dense bodies) are more numerous

A

alpha granules

57
Q

contained in plt lysosomal granules

A

microbicidal enzymes
proteases
hydrolases

58
Q

OCS

A

open cannalicular system

59
Q

2 plt membrane systems

A
  • OCS
  • DTS
60
Q

function of OCS

A
  • from surface to interior
  • plt storage and secretion
61
Q

DTS

A

dense tubular system

62
Q

function of DTS

A

Ca2+ storage

63
Q

Bernard-Soulier disease

A

↓ or dysfunctional GPIb/IX

64
Q

2 types of plt adhesion problems

A

Bernard-Soulier disease
von Willebrand disease

65
Q

activation of plt leads to externalization of ——— and …

A

GPIIb/IIIa
secretion of granules’ contents

66
Q

precursor to TXA2

A

arachidonic acid

67
Q

TXA2 synthesis requires enzyme ———-
causes…

A

cyclooxygenase
degranulation & vasoconstriction

68
Q

action of aspirin

A

inhibits TXA2 synthesis

69
Q

most potent plt activator

A

thrombin

70
Q

2 types of plt aggregation problems

A

Glanzmann thrombasthenia
↓ fibrinogen

71
Q

Glanzmann thrombasthenia

A

↓ or dysfunctional GPIIb/IIIa

72
Q

hepatin neutralizer

A

PF4

73
Q

promotes smooth muscle growth
helps heal wounded tissue

A

PDGF

Mercy CLS 7/8: Coagulation/Body Fluids (9 decks)

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