1. Plant Cells and Tissues

Question 1

What is the basic unit of all plants and is eukaryotic, i.e. they have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. It is also bounded by plasma membrane

Answer 1

Plant cell

Question 2

What is made up of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins functions to contain cellular components, cell-to-cell recognition, and transport of compounds.

Answer 2

Plasma membrane

Question 3

What contains organelles and ergastic substances?

Answer 3

Protoplasm

Question 4

What is a double-membrane bound that
contains DNA

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

a double-membrane bound
with cristae for electron transport

Answer 5

Mitochondria

Question 6

a membrane-bound sac that
functions for storage

Answer 6

Vacuole

Question 7

Composed of interconnected
phospholipid membranes and it is a
site of protein synthesis and
material transport

Answer 7

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

What is the site of protein synthesis?

Answer 8

Ribosomes

Question 9

Composed of parallel stacks of
flattened membranes and function in transport and
modification of compounds

Answer 9

Golgi bodies

Question 10

Ergastic Substances:
What is carotenoid-containing bodies that
provide red to yellow pigmentation

Answer 10

Chromoplasts

Question 11

Ergastic Substances:
What is the lamellate deposits of starch?

Answer 11

Amyloplasts (starch grains)

Question 12

Ergastic Substances:
It is the granular protein deposits

Answer 12

Aleurone grains (proteinoplasts)

Question 13

Ergastic Substances:
What is the phenol derivatives that deter
herbivory and parasite growth

Answer 13

Tannins

Question 14

What do you call the non-living materials found in cells that are products of metabolism?

Answer 14

Ergastic substances

Question 15

Ergastic Substances:
What may be composed of silica or calcium oxalate
may function as waste products, as calcium ion sinks, or as an irritant to deter herbivory?

Answer 15

Crystals

Question 16

What function as high energy storage compounds or secretion products?

Answer 16

Fats, oils, waxes

Question 17

What layer functions to bind adjacent cells together?

Answer 17

Middle lamella

Question 18

The cell wall that is secreted soon after cell division and
that is maintained during cell growth is called the?

Answer 18

Primary cell wall

Question 19

What do you call the ultramicroscopic
pores that forms within the primary cell wall?

Answer 19

Plasmodesmata

Question 20

A group of plasmodesmata is called a?

Answer 20

Primary pit field

Question 21

what is formed after the plant cell has ceased growth
and is composed partly of cellulose but also
contains lignin?

Answer 21

Secondary wall

Question 22

In virtually all plant cells with lignified cell walls,
there are holes in the secondary wall called ______.

Answer 22

Pits

Question 23

Pits of adjacent cells often occur opposite one
another, as _________

Answer 23

Pit-pairs

Question 24

What is the initiation, expansion, and specialization of cells?

Answer 24

Plant growth

Question 25

What is the region of actively dividing cells in mature gametophytes or sporophytes?

Answer 25

Meristem

Question 26

What is located at the apices of roots and shoots resulting growth in height or length?

Answer 26

Apical meristems

Question 27

What is cylindrical sheaths of cells which function in growth that increases width or girth?

Answer 27

Lateral meristems

Question 28

What is a series of changes that a cell undergoes from inception to maturity?

Answer 28

Cell differentiation

Question 29

What are the 2 processes of cell differentiation?

Answer 29

Cell expansion and maturation/speciation

Question 30

____________ cell grows in size ________________ cell acquires structural and functional features at maturity

Answer 30

Cell expansion and maturation/speciation

Question 31

This plant tissue makes up the outer region of the plant and functions in mechanical protection and prevention of desiccation

Answer 31

Dermal tissue

Question 32

This plant tissue occurs inside the epidermis but is not part of the vascular tissue

Answer 32

Ground tissue

Question 33

This plant tissue is the main transport system of plants and is composed of xylem and phloem

Answer 33

Vascular tissue

Question 34

Dermal tissue consists of the ___________ (periderm in woody plants)

Answer 34

epidermis

Question 35

This tissue secrete a layer of cutin (cuticle) outside the cell wall and are living at maturity

Answer 35

Dermal tissue

Question 36

What is the epidermal cells specialized for gas exchange?

Answer 36

Stomates

Question 37

Cellular appendages that grow from epidermal cells, May function in protection from UV light of herbivory, and May function in digestion in carnivorous plants

Answer 37

Trichomes

Question 38

Ground tissue is composed of three cell types, what are these?

Answer 38

Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma

Question 39

what is this type of a ground tissue that is unspecialized, undifferentiated cells of actively dividing meristematic tissue?

Answer 39

Parenchyma

Question 40

This type of ground tissue have cells that are isodiametric to elongate, have a primary cell wall only, are living at maturity and potentially capable of cell division, function in metabolic activities and in wound healing and regeneration, capable of transforming into a meristem to form new roots or shoots

Answer 40

Parenchyma

Question 41

This type of ground tissue have cells that are elongate, have only a primary cell wall that is unevenly thickened and rich in pectins and is living at maturity function in mechanical support; found at periphery of stems or leaves can be stretched during elongation growth

Answer 41

Collenchyma

Question 42

This type of ground tissue have cells that have thick, lignified secondary walls which may have pits and are dead at maturity

Answer 42

Sclerenchyma

Question 43

What are the two type of Sclerenchyma?

Answer 43

Fibers and Sclereids

Question 44

This is a type of Sclerenchyma that is long, narrow cells with sharply tapering end wall and function in mechanical support

Answer 44

Fibers

Question 45

This is a type of Sclerenchyma that is isodiametric to irregular in shape and often branched and may also function in structural support but role is unclear

Answer 45

Sclereids

Question 46

The vascular tissue is made up of what?

Answer 46

xylem and phloem

Question 47

What is composed of tracheary elements? - are elongate to short - have lignified secondary cell walls with pits - dead at maturity; protoplasts degrade, leaving only cell walls - joined end-to-end to form a tube like continuum that conducts water and dissolved essential mineral nutrients from roots to other parts of the plant

Answer 47

Xylem

Question 48

What are the two types of tracheary elements?

Answer 48

Tracheids and Vessel members

Question 49

This is one of the treachery element that is junction between end-to-end cells is imperforate water and mineral nutrients flow between adjacent cells through pit pairs primitive type of tracheary element

Answer 49

Tracheids

Question 50

This is one of the treachery element that is a junction between end-to-end cells is perforate there are one or more continuous holes between adjacent cells through which water and minerals may pass

Answer 50

Vessel members

Question 51

What is the contact area of two adjacent vessel members is called?

Answer 51

Perforation plate

Question 52

_________ - perforation plate is composed of a single opening while ____________ - perforation plate is composed of several pores

Answer 52

simple, compound

Question 53

what is composed of specialized cells called sieve elements?

Answer 53

Phloem

Question 54

What is this? - elongate cells - have only a primary wall - semialive at maturity (only ER, mitochondria, and plastids are retained) - have specialized pores, aggregated together into sieve areas - each pore is lined with callose function to conduct dissolved sugars from sugar-rich to sugar-poor regions of the plant

Answer 54

Sieve elements

Question 55

Vascular tissue: Phloem is composed of specialized cells called?

Answer 55

Sieve elements

Question 56

What are the two types of sieve elements?

Answer 56

Sieve cells and sieve tube members

Question 57

what type of sieve elements that have only sieve areas on both end and side walls parenchyma cells associated with them are called albuminous cells primitive sugar-conducting cell found in all non-flowering vascular plants

Answer 57

Sieve cells

Question 58

what type of sieve elements that have both sieve areas and sieve plates consist of one or more sieve areas at the end wall junction of two sieve members pores are significantly larger than those of sieve areas on the side wall parenchyma cells associated with them are called companion cells found only in angiosperms

Answer 58

Sieve tube members

Question 59

cells that secrete compounds, either internally (and stored within the cell) or externally (outside epidermis or into a canal or duct).

Answer 59

Secretory structures

Question 60

These are trichomes that secrete fluid to outside at tip of trichome;

Answer 60

glandular or stinging (urent)

Question 61

Specialized cells secreting sugar (or protein)- rich fluids to the outside that may be floral (associated with flowers as a reward for pollination) or extrafloral (often as a reward for protection)

Answer 61

nectaries

Question 62

secrete excess transported water (usually due to root pressure) from leaf margins;

Answer 62

hydathodes,

Question 63

which contain cells a lining of cells that secrete resin, oil, or mucilage

Answer 63

resin/oil/mucilage ducts or canals,

Question 64

cells located in the periphery of some tissues that secrete and store latex.

Answer 64

laticifers