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The American West 1840-1895 > 1 - Plains Indians > Flashcards

1 - Plains Indians Flashcards

1
Q

Where did the original Plains Indians come from?

A

Northern Asia

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2
Q

What did Indian nations adapt their lifestyle to?

A

The environment in which they lived.

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3
Q

True or False? - The first Indians in North America settled on the Plains?

A

False - The Indians did not originally settle on the Plains, and instead lived in the river valleys to the east.

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4
Q

Where did the Indians originally settle?

A

In the river valleys in the east.

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5
Q

By what year were the Indians living on the Plains?

A

1840

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6
Q

Where were the Indians living in 1840?

A

On the Plains.

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7
Q

How many reasons are there as to why the Indians were living on the Plains by 1840?

A

4

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8
Q

What are the 4 reasons as to why the Indians were living on the Plains by 1840?

A
  1. Horses
  2. Diseases
  3. Trade goods (guns, etc.)
  4. Government
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9
Q

What is the 1st reason as to why the Indians were living on the Plains by 1840?

A

Horses

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10
Q

True or False? - Horses are not native to North America

A

True - horses are not native to North America.

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11
Q

How did horses arrive in North America?

A

They were brought over by Spanish invaders in the 1500s.

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12
Q

When were horses brought over to North America by Spanish invaders?

A

The 1500s

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13
Q

What did the Spanish invaders bring to North America in the 1500s which were a reason as to why the Indians were living on the Plains by 1840?

A

Horses

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14
Q

True or False? - The Spanish invaders gave horses to the Indians.

A

False - The Indians had to steal horses from Spanish invaders.

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15
Q

How did the Indians acquire horses?

A

In 1640 the Pueblo Indians of Mexico rebelled against the Spanish invaders and captured many of their horses. From that point they were bred and traded between Indian nations.

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16
Q

What did the Pueblo Indians do in 1640?

A

Rebelled against the Spanish invaders and captured many of their horses, which they then introduced into Indian society.

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17
Q

Which group of Indians rebelled against the Spanish invaders in 1640 and captured many of their horses, which they introduced into Indian society?

A

The Pueblo Indians of Mexico

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18
Q

Where were the Pueblo Indians from?

A

Mexico

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19
Q

In what year did the Pueblo Indians rebel against the Spanish invaders and capture their horses, which they introduced into Indian society?

A

1640

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20
Q

Who did the Pueblo Indians rebel against in 1640 and capture their horses, which they introduced into Indian society?

A

The Spanish invaders

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21
Q

What did the Pueblo Indians do after they rebelled against the Spanish invaders in 1640?

A

Capture their horses.

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22
Q

How did horses effect the Indians moving onto the Plains by 1840?

A

Horses made transport easier, and allowed them to migrate onto the Plains following the buffalo.

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23
Q

What aspect of their lifestyle were the Indians able to abandon due to the introduction of horses into their society?

A

Agriculture in the river valleys of the east.

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24
Q

What new aspect of their lifestyle were the Indians able to gain due to the introduction of horses into their society?

A

Hunting the buffalo on the Plains.

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25
Q

What were horses a method of in Indian society?

A

Counting wealth.

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26
Q

Fill in the gap - The more horses an Indian had had, the ______ they were.

A

Wealthier

The more horses an Indian had had, the wealthier they were.

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27
Q

What is the 2nd reason as to why the Indians were living on the Plains by 1840?

A

Diseases

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28
Q

Give 2 examples of diseases which Europeans brought to North America.

A
  1. Smallpox

2. Cholera

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29
Q

Why were diseases brought over by Europeans disastrous for the Indians?

A

They had no immunity towards them.

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30
Q

How did diseases effect the Indians moving onto the Plains by 1840?

A

The Indians moved west onto the Plains to escape the diseases.

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31
Q

What is the 3rd reason as to why the Indians were living on the Plains by 1840?

A

Trade goods (guns, etc.)

32
Q

How did trade goods, such as guns, effect Indian society?

A

They changed the balance of power in Indian warfare.

33
Q

How did trade goods, such as guns, effect the Indians moving onto the Plains by 1840?

A

Guns ended up in the hands of rival Indian tribes, allowing them to drive their enemies west onto the Plains.

34
Q

What is the 4th reason as to why the Indians were living on the Plains by 1840?

A

Government

35
Q

How did government effect the Indians moving onto the Plains by 1840?

A

In 1830 they passed the Indian Removal Act which forced the Indians to move onto the Plains.

36
Q

What piece of legislation did the US government pass in 1830 which forced the Indians onto the Plains?

A

The Indian Removal Act 1830

37
Q

In what year did the US government pass the Indian Removal Act?

A

1830

38
Q

Why did the US government pass the Indian Removal Act 1830?

A

They wanted the Plains for themselves.

39
Q

What was the name given to the homes in which the Indians lived?

A

A tipi

40
Q

Who lived in a tipi?

A

An individual Indian family

41
Q

What was the structure of a tipi?

A

Covered in buffalo skins sown together and supported by a frame of wooden poles arranged in a circular shape.

42
Q

Who was responsible for the tipi?

A

The Indian woman

43
Q

Who owned the tipi?

A

The Indian woman

44
Q

What was the role of women in Indian society in relation to the tipi?

A

To move about, assemble and own the tipi.

45
Q

How were tipis ideal for the Indian nomadic lifestyle?

A

They could be easily taken down and transported.

46
Q

How many features of the tipi made it well adapted to the conditions on the Plains?

A

4

47
Q

What were the 4 features which made the tipi well adapted to the conditions on the Plains?

A
  1. Conical shape
  2. Flaps at the top
  3. Bottom which could be rolled up
  4. Bottom which could be banked with earth
48
Q

How did the conical shape of the tipi make it well adapted to the conditions on the Plains?

A

It made it strong enough to resist strong winds on the Plains

49
Q

How did the flaps at the top of the tipi make it well adapted to the conditions on the Plains?

A

They could be moved to direct the wind so that smoke from the fire could escape from the inside.

50
Q

How did the bottom of the tipi which could be rolled up make it well adapted to the conditions on the Plains?

A

It allowed air inside during the warm summer months.

51
Q

How did the bottom of the tipi which could be banked with earth make it well adapted to the conditions on the Plains?

A

In the winter it could be banked with earth to keep it warm inside.

52
Q

What was the tipi decorated in?

A

Images showing the bravery of the men in hunt or in battle.

53
Q

Who decorated the outside of the tipi?

A

The Indian man

54
Q

What was the floor of a tipi covered in?

A

Fur

55
Q

What 2 things did the fire inside the tipi provide?

A
  1. Warmth

2. Heat for cooking

56
Q

True of False? - The Indians were nomadic.

A

True - The Indians were nomadic.

57
Q

How many Indian families made up a band?

A

Between 10 and 15.

58
Q

How many aspects of Indian life were men responsible for?

A

3

59
Q

What were the 3 aspects of life that Indian men were responsible for?

A
  1. Hunting
  2. Tending to the horses
  3. Protecting the band
60
Q

How many aspects of Indian life were women responsible for?

A

4

61
Q

What were the 4 aspects of life that Indian men were responsible for?

A
  1. The tipi
  2. Preparing food
  3. Fetching water
  4. Making clothing and other items
62
Q

What were Indian men judged on?

A

Their skills as hunters, warriors and horsemen.

63
Q

What were Indian women judged on?

A

Their skills as homemakers and their skills at crafts.

64
Q

Why were women valued in Indian society?

A

They were the bearers of children.

65
Q

True or False? - Most marriages in Indian society were arranged marriages.

A

False - Most marriages in Indian society were out of love.

66
Q

True or False? - There were no arranged marriages in Indian society.

A

False - There were a few arranged marriages in Indian society.

67
Q

How would an Indian man win over an Indian woman as his wife?

A

By impressing her with his bravery and giving a dowry to her parents.

68
Q

Give an example of a dowry which an Indian man would give to his prospective wife’s parents.

A

Horses or buffalo skins.

69
Q

What did the dowry and Indian man gave to his prospective wife’s parents prove?

A

His ability to support his wife.

70
Q

Where would the Indian man go to live once he had been married?

A

With his wife and her family in their tipi.

71
Q

How many wives did the majority of Indian men have?

A

1

72
Q

True or False? - Some Indians practiced polygamy.

A

True - a minority of Indians practiced polygamy.

73
Q

In what situations did polygamy in Indian society make sense?

A

When the number of women outranked the number of men as it ensured that all women had a man to care for them and the band had as many children as possible.

74
Q

True or False? - An Indian woman was not allowed to marry again if her husband was killed in warfare or hunting.

A

False - An Indian woman was allowed to marry again if her husband was killed in warfare or hunting.

75
Q

True or False? - The Indians practiced divorce.

A

True - The Indians practiced divorce.

76
Q

True or False? - Only the woman could declare a marriage over in Indian society.

A

False - Either partner could declare a marriage over in Indian society.

77
Q

Who would keep the tipi after a divorce in Indian society?

A

The wife

The American West 1840-1895 (4 decks)

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