1. Path Markers - Neuro Flashcards
1
Q
Pathological Marker of Parkinson’s
A
- Lewy Body
- - a-synuclein intracellular inclusion
2
Q
Lewy Body
A
- Pathological Marker of Parkinson’s
- a-synuclein intracellular inclusion
3
Q
a-Synuclein Intracellular Inclusion
A
- Lewy Body
- Pathological Marker of Parkinson’s
4
Q
(+) VDRL in CSF
A
- Tertiary Syphilis
5
Q
CSF Test for Tertiary Syphilis
A
- (+) VDRL
6
Q
CSF Turbidity
A
- Caused by an increase in protein, cells, microbial pathogens, or a combination of the three
7
Q
CSF Blood
A
- Most commonly iatrogenic
- Can also indicate a hemorrhage into the subarachnoid space
8
Q
CSF Protein
A
- Normal = 15-45 mg/dL
- High levels indicate increased capillary permeability (ie acute inflammation)
9
Q
CSF Gamma Globulins
A
- Detected with CSF electrophoresis
- Normally account for CNS origin of IgG
- ——— Low index –> Inflammation
10
Q
CSF Oligoclonal Gamma Globulin Bands
A
- Detected with High resolution CSF electrophoresis
- Indicated a demyelinating disorder:
- — MS
- — Neurosyphilis
- — Guillain-Barre
11
Q
CSF Myelin Basic Protein
A
- MBP is a normal component of myelin
- Increased levels in CSF indicate an active demyelinating disease.
- Levels are not elevated in remissions of the demyelinating disease
12
Q
CSF Glucose
A
- Normal = 50-75 mg/dL (.66 x serum conc.)
- —- vs. Normal serum = 70-110 mg/dL
- Decreased levels (hypoglycorrhachia) imply:
- —- Increased cellular uptake (ie neutrophils in bacterial meningitis, malignant cells)
- —- Or a defect in the glucose carrier system (frequent occurrence in bacterial and fungal meningitis)
- Normal levels can be seen in:
- —- Viral meningitis (Except Mumps, Herpes simplex, and the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - these produce a low glucose)
- —- Neurosyphilis
- —- Demyelinating disease
- —- Cerebral abscess
13
Q
Low CSF Glucose
A
- (hypoglycorrhachia) implies:
- —- Increased cellular uptake (ie neutrophils in bacterial meningitis, malignant cells)
- —- Or a defect in the glucose carrier system (frequent occurrence in bacterial and fungal meningitis)
14
Q
CSF WBC’s
A
- Normal = 0-5 mononuclear cells/mm^3
- —- Neutrophils are never normal in CSF
- High CSF WBC’s is most often due to bacterial meningitis.
- Bacterial meningitis will have predominantly neutrophils.
- Viral meningitis will have neutrophils only for the first 24h and then switch to a lymphocytic response.
- Fungal meningitis is characterized by predominance of lymphocytes and monocytes
- A parasitic meningitis usually has mixed inflammatory infiltrate (eosinophils suggest Helminth)
15
Q
High CSF WBC’s
A
- Most often due to bacterial meningitis
- Can also be caused by viral, fungal, and parasitic meningitis
16
Q
High CSF Neutrophils
A
- Any level of CSF neutrophils is pathologic
- Most often due to bacterial meningitis
- Can also be early viral meningitis (switches to lymphocytic response after 24h)
17
Q
High CSF Lymphocytes
A
- Mostly viral meningitis
- Can be fungal (usually monocytes will also be present)
18
Q
High CSF Eosinophils
A
- Parasitis meningitis (Helminths)
19
Q
High CSF Lymphocytes and Monocytes
A
- Fungal meningitis
